Onkaparinga River: Difference between revisions
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The '''Onkaparinga River''', known as '''Ngangkiparri''' or '''Ngangkiparingga''' ("place of the women’s river") in the [[Kaurna language]], is a river located in the [[Southern Adelaide]] region in the Australian state of [[South Australia]]. Rising in the [[Mount Lofty Ranges]], the river's [[estuary]] extends from [[Old Noarlunga]] to the river's mouth between the suburbs of [[Port Noarlunga South, South Australia|Port Noarlunga]] and Port Noarlunga South. |
The '''Onkaparinga River''', known as '''Ngangkiparri''' or '''Ngangkiparingga''' ("place of the women’s river") in the [[Kaurna language]], is a river located in the [[Southern Adelaide]] region in the Australian state of [[South Australia]]. Rising in the [[Mount Lofty Ranges]], the river's [[estuary]] extends from [[Old Noarlunga]] to the river's mouth between the suburbs of [[Port Noarlunga South, South Australia|Port Noarlunga]] and Port Noarlunga South. |
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==Etymology and history== |
==Etymology and history== |
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In 1837 [[Surveyor-General of South Australia]] Colonel [[William Light]] named it Field's River, or the Field River, after Lieutenant William George Field RN (1804-1850) of the brig ''[[Rapid (brig)|Rapid]]'' (one of the [[First Fleet of South Australia|"first fleet"]]), who carried out the first surveys in the vicinity of its estuary, but subsequent Governor [[George Gawler]] soon reinstated the Indigenous name.<ref name=colonist/> |
In 1837 [[Surveyor-General of South Australia]] Colonel [[William Light]] named it Field's River, or the Field River, after Lieutenant William George Field RN (1804-1850) of the brig ''[[Rapid (brig)|Rapid]]'' (one of the [[First Fleet of South Australia|"first fleet"]]), who carried out the first surveys in the vicinity of its estuary, but subsequent Governor [[George Gawler]] soon reinstated the Indigenous name.<ref name=colonist/> |
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The first Europeans to explore its sources and the Onkaparinga Valley were the party of Dr. [[George Imlay]] and [[John Hill (explorer)|John Hill]] in January 1838.<ref name=colonist>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31720558 |title=SOUTH AUSTRALIA. |newspaper=[[The Colonist]] |volume=IV |
The first Europeans to explore its sources and the Onkaparinga Valley were the party of Dr. [[George Imlay]] and [[John Hill (explorer)|John Hill]] in January 1838.<ref name=colonist>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31720558 |title=SOUTH AUSTRALIA. |newspaper=[[The Colonist]] |volume=IV |issue=176 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=7 March 1838 |accessdate=16 November 2020 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> |
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==Course and features== |
==Course and features== |
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The Onkaparinga River rises on the slopes of the [[Mount Lofty Range]] between [[Mount Torrens]] and [[Charleston, South Australia|Charleston]] and flows generally southwesterly, south of the [[Adelaide city centre]], to reach its [[mouth (river)|mouth]] at [[Port Noarlunga, South Australia|Port Noarlunga]]. The [[drainage basin|catchment area]] is over {{convert|500|km2|abbr=off}} in area, and in part includes the [[protected area]]s of the [[Encounter Marine Park]], the [[Onkaparinga River National Park]], the [[Onkaparinga River Recreation Park]] and the [[Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aquatic Reserves And Marine Parks - Port Noarlunga|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|publisher=PIRSA Fisheries|accessdate=31 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331125626/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|archivedate=31 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= MARINE PARK 15, Encounter |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/9a3a8c59-0f34-4e4a-85e2-a1170127270a/mp-gen-map-15-encounter.pdf |publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=MPpage5>{{cite web|title=Management Plan - Onkaparinga River Reserve|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/c3a54fec-aa3a-4b63-9b6d-9e4f00b1d89c/PARKS_PDFS_ONKAPARINGA_MP.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment and Heritage|accessdate=3 April 2014|pages=5|year=2004}}</ref> The river descends {{convert|422|m}} over its {{convert|88|km|adj=on}} [[watercourse|course]].<ref name=bonzle>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=206979&cmd=sp |title=Map of Onkaparinga River, SA |work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia |date= |access-date=25 March 2017 }}</ref> |
The Onkaparinga River rises on the slopes of the [[Mount Lofty Range]] between [[Mount Torrens]] and [[Charleston, South Australia|Charleston]] and flows generally southwesterly, south of the [[Adelaide city centre]], to reach its [[mouth (river)|mouth]] at [[Port Noarlunga, South Australia|Port Noarlunga]]. The [[drainage basin|catchment area]] is over {{convert|500|km2|abbr=off}} in area, and in part includes the [[protected area]]s of the [[Encounter Marine Park]], the [[Onkaparinga River National Park]], the [[Onkaparinga River Recreation Park]] and the [[Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aquatic Reserves And Marine Parks - Port Noarlunga|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|publisher=PIRSA Fisheries|accessdate=31 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331125626/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/65416/10._AqResWeb.pdf|archivedate=31 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= MARINE PARK 15, Encounter |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/9a3a8c59-0f34-4e4a-85e2-a1170127270a/mp-gen-map-15-encounter.pdf |publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=MPpage5>{{cite web|title=Management Plan - Onkaparinga River Reserve|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/c3a54fec-aa3a-4b63-9b6d-9e4f00b1d89c/PARKS_PDFS_ONKAPARINGA_MP.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment and Heritage|accessdate=3 April 2014|pages=5|year=2004}}</ref> The river descends {{convert|422|m}} over its {{convert|88|km|adj=on}} [[watercourse|course]].<ref name=bonzle>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=206979&cmd=sp |title=Map of Onkaparinga River, SA |work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia |date= |access-date=25 March 2017 }}</ref> |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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<!---Quite a lot more could be pulled out of the refs in this document.---> |
<!---Quite a lot more could be pulled out of the refs in this document.---> |
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*{{cite web | last=Schultz | first=Chester | title=Place Name Summary (PNS) 4.02/04: Ngangki-Paringga |date= 4 August 2017 | website=Adelaide Research & Scholarship|series=The Southern Kaurna Place Names Project|publisher=[[University of Adelaide]] | url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/placenames/research-publ/1-02Kawandilla.pdf }} |
*{{cite web | last=Schultz | first=Chester | title=Place Name Summary (PNS) 4.02/04: Ngangki-Paringga |date= 4 August 2017 | website=Adelaide Research & Scholarship|series=The Southern Kaurna Place Names Project|publisher=[[University of Adelaide]] | url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/placenames/research-publ/1-02Kawandilla.pdf }} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 03:14, 11 December 2020
| Onkaparinga | |
|---|---|
 Onkaparinga River estuary | |
  Location of the river mouth in South Australia | |
| Native name | Kaurna: Ngangkiparri Error {{native name checker}}: parameter value is malformed (help) |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | South Australia |
| Region | Southern Adelaide |
| Local government area | City of Onkaparinga |
| Towns | Woodside, Oakbank, Clarendon |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Mount Lofty Range |
| • location | between Charleston and Mount Torrens |
| • elevation | 422 m (1,385 ft) |
| Mouth | Gulf St Vincent |
• location | between Port Noarlunga South and Port Noarlunga |
• coordinates | 35°09′53″S 138°28′10″E / 35.164660°S 138.469520°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 88 km (55 mi) |
| Basin size | 562 km2 (217 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Protected areas | Encounter Marine Park Onkaparinga River National Park Onkaparinga River Recreation Park Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve |
| [1][2][3][4] | |
The Onkaparinga River, known as Ngangkiparri or Ngangkiparingga ("place of the women’s river") in the Kaurna language, is a river located in the Southern Adelaide region in the Australian state of South Australia. Rising in the Mount Lofty Ranges, the river's estuary extends from Old Noarlunga to the river's mouth between the suburbs of Port Noarlunga and Port Noarlunga South.
Etymology and history
The name derives from the language of the Kaurna people, a word written as either Ngangkiparri or Ngangkiparingga (the -ngga suffix means "at"). Translated, it means "place of the women’s river".[5]
In 1837 Surveyor-General of South Australia Colonel William Light named it Field's River, or the Field River, after Lieutenant William George Field RN (1804-1850) of the brig Rapid (one of the "first fleet"), who carried out the first surveys in the vicinity of its estuary, but subsequent Governor George Gawler soon reinstated the Indigenous name.[6]
The first Europeans to explore its sources and the Onkaparinga Valley were the party of Dr. George Imlay and John Hill in January 1838.[6]
Course and features
The Onkaparinga River rises on the slopes of the Mount Lofty Range between Mount Torrens and Charleston and flows generally southwesterly, south of the Adelaide city centre, to reach its mouth at Port Noarlunga. The catchment area is over 500 square kilometres (190 square miles) in area, and in part includes the protected areas of the Encounter Marine Park, the Onkaparinga River National Park, the Onkaparinga River Recreation Park and the Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve.[7][8][9] The river descends 422 metres (1,385 ft) over its 88-kilometre (55 mi) course.[4]
The Onkaparinga River is the second major river within the Adelaide metropolitan area, after the River Torrens. It is a source of fresh water for Adelaide. Mount Bold Reservoir was constructed between 1932 and 1938 along a section of its path approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) inland. Much of its flow is diverted via a tunnel from the Clarendon Weir to the Happy Valley Reservoir, that in turn supplies some 40 per cent of Adelaide's water supply. Most years the flow to the reservoir is supplemented by water pumped from the River Murray via a pipeline from Murray Bridge.
Downstream from Mount Bold Reservoir is the Clarendon Weir. To maintain levels at Clarendon Weir, water is released only as required. The Onkaparinga Gorge extends from Clarendon to Old Noarlunga. An estuary extends from Old Noarlunga to the river's mouth between the suburbs of Port Noarlunga and Port Noarlunga South. The estuary is a significant breeding area for local marine fish species.
The Coast to Vines rail trail crosses over the river just west of where Main South Road crosses over. The Seaford railway line passes over the river on a 1.2-kilometre (0.75 mi) elevated bridge (known as the Onkaparinga Valley Bridge) which was built between 2011 and 2014.[10]
See also
References
- ^ "GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT, 1991, Notice of Declaration of Names of Places" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South Australia: 342. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ "Search result for "Onkaparinga River, Strm" with the following layers selected - " Prescribed Water Courses", "Local Government Areas", and " SA Government Regions"". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ "Search result for "Onkaparinga River (STRM)" (Record no SA0052262) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities", "Place names (gazetteer)" and "Road Labels"". Property Location Browser. Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Map of Onkaparinga River, SA". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
- ^ Schultz, Chester (4 August 2017). "Ngangki-Paringga". Adelaide Research & Scholarship. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ a b "SOUTH AUSTRALIA". The Colonist. Vol. IV, no. 176. New South Wales, Australia. 7 March 1838. p. 2. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Aquatic Reserves And Marine Parks - Port Noarlunga" (PDF). PIRSA Fisheries. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ^ "MARINE PARK 15, Encounter" (PDF). Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ "Management Plan - Onkaparinga River Reserve" (PDF). Department of Environment and Heritage. 2004. p. 5. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ "Seaford rail extension bridges" (PDF). Department of Transport Energy and Infrastructure. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Further reading
- Schultz, Chester (4 August 2017). "Place Name Summary (PNS) 4.02/04: Ngangki-Paringga" (PDF). Adelaide Research & Scholarship. The Southern Kaurna Place Names Project. University of Adelaide.