PZL P.6: Difference between revisions
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
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|name = PZL P.6 |
|name = PZL P.6 |
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|image = |
|image = Pzl p-6.jpg |
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|caption = |
|caption = |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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|type = [[fighter aircraft|Fighter]] |
|type = [[fighter aircraft|Fighter]] |
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|manufacturer =[[PZL]] |
|manufacturer =[[Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze|PZL]] |
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|designer =Zygmunt Puławski |
|designer =Zygmunt Puławski |
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|first flight = August |
|first flight = August 1930 |
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|introduced = |
|introduced = |
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|retired = |
|retired = |
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|number built = 1 |
|number built = 1 |
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|status =Prototype |
|status =Prototype Destroyed |
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|unit cost = |
|unit cost = |
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|primary user = [[Polish Air Force]] |
|primary user = [[Polish Air Force]] |
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}} |
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The '''PZL P.6''' was a Polish fighter, designed by the engineer [[Zygmunt Puławski]], manufactured by [[PZL]] state-owned |
The '''PZL P.6''' was a Polish fighter, designed by the engineer [[Zygmunt Puławski]], manufactured by [[Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze|PZL]] state-owned factory. It remained a prototype and did not go into production. |
||
==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
||
The history of PZL P.6 started in 1928, when a talented designer, Zygmunt Puławski designed an all-metal metal-covered monoplane fighter [[PZL P.1]]. It introduced a high [[gull wing]], giving a pilot an optimal view. The P.1 was powered with an inline engine, and developed a speed of 302 |
The history of PZL P.6 started in 1928, when a talented designer, Zygmunt Puławski designed an all-metal metal-covered monoplane fighter [[PZL P.1]]. It introduced a high [[gull wing]], giving a pilot an optimal view. The P.1 was powered with an inline engine, and developed a speed of 302 km/h, but remained a prototype, because it was decided, that a fighter for the [[Polish Air Force]] should be powered with a [[radial engine]], licence produced in Poland. Therefore, the next model '''PZL P.6''', was powered with the [[Bristol Jupiter]] VI FH radial engine. |
||
The PZL P.6 was flown for the first time in August 1930 with test pilot [[Bolesław Orliński]] at the controls. It had a very similar wing to the P.1, but the fuselage was completely redesigned with a modern |
The PZL P.6 was flown for the first time in August 1930 with test pilot [[Bolesław Orliński]] at the controls. It had a very similar wing to the P.1, but the fuselage was completely redesigned with a modern [[semi-monocoque]] configuration introduced that was oval in cross-section, as well, the tail was also changed. As a result of the modifications, the aircraft was over 200 kg lighter. |
||
==Technical description== |
==Technical description== |
||
The PZL P.6 was an all-metal [[duralumin]]-covered, braced, high-wing [[monoplane]]. The fuselage was framed in a front section and semi-monocoque in mid and tail sections with an oval cross-section. The two-spar wing of trapezoid shape, thinner by the fuselage, covered with a rimmed Wibault type duralumin sheet, was supported by two struts on either side. The pilot's cockpit was open, with a windshield. The [[Bristol Jupiter]] VI FH radial engine mounted in front was fitted with a [[Townend ring]] and used a two-blade propeller. The fixed [[undercarriage]] with a rear skid was mainly conventional and typical of the period. An unusual feature was a fuselage fuel tank that could be dropped in case of a fire emergency. |
The PZL P.6 was an all-metal [[duralumin]]-covered, braced, high-wing [[monoplane]]. The fuselage was framed in a front section and semi-monocoque in mid and tail sections with an oval cross-section. The two-spar wing of trapezoid shape, thinner by the fuselage, covered with a rimmed Wibault type duralumin sheet, was supported by two struts on either side. The pilot's cockpit was open, with a windshield. The [[Bristol Jupiter]] VI FH radial engine mounted in front was fitted with a [[Townend ring]] and used a two-blade propeller. The fixed [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] with a rear skid was mainly conventional and typical of the period. An unusual feature was a fuselage fuel tank that could be dropped in case of a fire emergency. |
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==Testing and evaluation== |
==Testing and evaluation== |
||
The P.6, just like the P.1, garnered a great deal of interest worldwide. Their wing design was called the "Polish wing" or "Puławski wing". During a presentation at the [[Paris Air Show]] in Le Bourget in December |
The P.6, just like the P.1, garnered a great deal of interest worldwide. Their wing design was called the "Polish wing" or "Puławski wing". During a presentation at the [[Paris Air Show]] in Le Bourget in December 1931, the aviation press, such as ''L'Air'', ''The Aeroplane'', ''[[Flight International|Flight]]'' and ''[[Die Luftwacht]]'' acknowledged the P.6 as one of the world's top fighter designs. Significantly, the P.6 prototype, piloted by Bolesław Orliński, won the American [[National Air Races]] held in [[Cleveland]] between the 29th of August and the 7th of September 1931. |
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The PZL P.6 did not enter production, because at the same time the next improved variant, the [[PZL P.7]] was being developed. The first P.7 prototype |
The PZL P.6 did not enter production, because at the same time the next improved variant, the [[PZL P.7]] was being developed. The first P.7 prototype retained most design tratis of the P.6 with a more powerful supercharged Bristol Jupiter VII F engine, achieved better performance at higher altitudes. |
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The |
The sinlg eP.6 prototype crashed on 11 October 1931 near [[Częstochowa]] due to a propeller breaking apart, resulting in catastrophic engine failure. The pilot, Orliński, bailed out successfully. |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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* '''P.6/I''' : First prototype. |
* '''P.6/I''' : First prototype, later became P.7 prototype. |
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* '''P.6/II''' : Second prototype. |
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==Operators== |
==Operators== |
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*[[Polish Air Force]] |
*[[Polish Air Force]] |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications (P.6/I)== |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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{{aircraft specification| |
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|ref=''Polish aircraft 1893-1939'' <ref name=Cynk>{{cite book |last1=Cynk |first1=Jerzy B |title=Polish aircraft 1893-1939 |publisher=Putnam |date=1971 |isbn=0-370-00085-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/147 147-154] |url=https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/147 }}</ref> |
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|jet or prop?=prop |
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|prime units?=met |
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|plane or copter?=plane |
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<!-- |
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General characteristics |
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<!-- please include units. if something doesn't apply, leave it blank. --> |
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--> |
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|crew=1 |
|crew=1 |
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|length m=7.16 |
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|capacity= |
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|length |
|length note= |
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|span m=10.3 |
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|length alt= |
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|span |
|span note= |
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|height m=2.75 |
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|span alt= |
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|height |
|height note= |
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|wing area sqm=17.2 |
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|height alt= |
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|area |
|wing area note= |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|area alt= |
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|airfoil='''root:'''IAW-72 (Bartel 37/IIa) (6.5%) ; '''tip:''' IAW-72 (Bartel 37/IIa) (8%)<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref> |
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|empty weight main=883 kg |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight kg=908 |
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| |
|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg=1355 |
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|gross weight note= |
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|useful load main=452 kg |
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|max takeoff weight kg= |
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|useful load alt= |
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|max takeoff weight |
|max takeoff weight note= |
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|fuel capacity={{cvt|250|L|USgal impgal}} in a jettisonable fuselage tank |
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|max takeoff weight alt= |
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|more general= |
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<!-- |
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|engine (prop)=[[Bristol Jupiter]] VI FH |
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Powerplant |
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|type of prop=9-cylinder [[radial engine]] |
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--> |
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|number of props=1 |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|power main=480 hp |
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|eng1 name=[[Bristol Jupiter VIFH]] |
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|power alt= |
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|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine |
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|eng1 hp=450 |
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|max speed main=284 km/h |
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|eng1 note= |
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|max speed alt= |
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|cruise speed main= |
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|cruise speed alt= |
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|never exceed speed main= |
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|never exceed speed alt= |
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|stall speed main=103 km/h |
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|stall speed alt= |
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|range main=650 km |
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|range alt= |
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|ceiling main=8,000 m |
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|ceiling alt= |
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|climb rate main=10.3 m/s |
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|climb rate alt= |
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|loading main=77.5 kg/cm² |
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|loading alt= |
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|thrust/weight= |
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|power/mass main= |
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|power/mass alt= |
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|prop blade number=2 |
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|armament= |
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|prop name=Gnome-Rhŏne fixed-pitch metal propeller |
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*2 x 7.7 mm Vickers E [[machine gun]]s in a fuselage |
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|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia note= |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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|max speed kmh=292 |
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|max speed note=at sea level |
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::::{{cvt|285|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|3800|m}} |
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*'''Minimum speed:''' {{cvt|100|km/h|mph kn}} |
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|cruise speed kmh= |
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|cruise speed note= |
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|stall speed kmh=103 |
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|stall speed note={{citation needed|date=November 2019}} |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|never exceed speed note= |
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|range km=600 |
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|range note= |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range note= |
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|ferry range km= |
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|ferry range note= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m=8600 |
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|ceiling note= |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|climb rate ms=10.3 |
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|climb rate sigfig=1 |
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|climb rate note={{citation needed|date=November 2019}} |
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|time to altitude={{cvt|2000|m}} in 2 minutes 50 seconds |
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::::{{cvt|5000|m}} in 9 minutes 1 seconds |
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|wing loading kg/m2=78.7 |
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|wing loading note= |
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|fuel consumption kg/km= |
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|power/mass={{cvt|0.15|hp/lb|order=flip}} |
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|more performance= |
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<!-- |
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Armament |
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--> |
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|guns=2 x {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Vickers E machine gun]]s in fuselage |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
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====Notes==== |
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{{reflist}} |
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====Bibliography==== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* Cynk, Jerzy B. ''History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968''. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-039-X. |
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* Cynk, Jerzy B. ''Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939''. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4. |
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* Eberspacher, Warren A. and Koniarek, Jan P. ''PZL Fighters Part One - P.1 through P.8. (International Squadron Monograph 2)''. St. Paul, MN: Phalanx Publishing Co., Ltd., 1995. ISBN 1-883809-12-6. |
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* Glass, Andrzej. ''Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939'' (in Polish: "Polish Aviation Constructions 1893-1939"). Warszawa, Poland: WKiŁ, 1977. no ISBN |
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* Glass, Andrzej. ''PZL P.7: Cz.1''. Gdańsk, Poland: AJ Press, 2000. ISBN 83-7237-080-X. |
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* Kopański, Tomasz J. ''PZL P.7: Cz.2''. Gdańsk, Poland: AJ Press, 2001. ISBN 83-7237-081-8. |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww1/pzl6.html Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba] |
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*[http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/fot/fot272.jpg Photo at Samoloty 1,5] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{aircontent |
{{aircontent |
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|related= |
|related= |
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*[[PZL P.1]] |
*[[PZL P.1]] |
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| Line 126: | Line 132: | ||
*[[PZL P.11]] |
*[[PZL P.11]] |
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*[[PZL P.24]] |
*[[PZL P.24]] |
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|similar aircraft= |
|similar aircraft= |
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*[[Dewoitine D.371]] |
*[[Dewoitine D.371]] |
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| Line 132: | Line 137: | ||
*[[Ikarus IK-2]] |
*[[Ikarus IK-2]] |
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*[[Polikarpov I-15]] |
*[[Polikarpov I-15]] |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
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{{PZL aircraft}} |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* Cynk, Jerzy B. ''History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968''. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. {{ISBN|0-85045-039-X}}. |
|||
* Cynk, Jerzy B. ''Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939''. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. {{ISBN|0-370-00085-4}}. |
|||
* Eberspacher, Warren A. and Koniarek, Jan P. ''PZL Fighters Part One - P.1 through P.8. (International Squadron Monograph 2)''. St. Paul, MN: Phalanx Publishing Co., Ltd., 1995. {{ISBN|1-883809-12-6}}. |
|||
* Glass, Andrzej. ''Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939'' (in Polish: "Polish Aviation Constructions 1893-1939"). Warszawa, Poland: WKiŁ, 1977. no ISBN |
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* Glass, Andrzej. ''PZL P.7: Cz.1''. Gdańsk, Poland: AJ Press, 2000. {{ISBN|83-7237-080-X}}. |
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* Kopański, Tomasz J. ''PZL P.7: Cz.2''. Gdańsk, Poland: AJ Press, 2001. {{ISBN|83-7237-081-8}}. |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category|PZL P.6}} |
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*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww1/pzl6.html Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927022838/http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/fot/fot272.jpg Photo at Samoloty 1,5] |
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{{PZL aircraft}} |
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[[Category:Polish fighter aircraft 1930-1939]] |
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[[Category:1930s Polish fighter aircraft]] |
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[[hu:PZL P.6]] |
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[[ |
[[Category:PZL aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[ro:PZL P.6]] |
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[[Category:Gull-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1930]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:00, 8 January 2024
| PZL P.6 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Fighter |
| Manufacturer | PZL |
| Designer | Zygmunt Puławski |
| First flight | August 1930 |
| Status | Prototype Destroyed |
| Primary user | Polish Air Force |
| Number built | 1 |
| Developed from | PZL P.1 |
| Variants | PZL P.7 |
The PZL P.6 was a Polish fighter, designed by the engineer Zygmunt Puławski, manufactured by PZL state-owned factory. It remained a prototype and did not go into production.
Design and development[edit]
The history of PZL P.6 started in 1928, when a talented designer, Zygmunt Puławski designed an all-metal metal-covered monoplane fighter PZL P.1. It introduced a high gull wing, giving a pilot an optimal view. The P.1 was powered with an inline engine, and developed a speed of 302 km/h, but remained a prototype, because it was decided, that a fighter for the Polish Air Force should be powered with a radial engine, licence produced in Poland. Therefore, the next model PZL P.6, was powered with the Bristol Jupiter VI FH radial engine.
The PZL P.6 was flown for the first time in August 1930 with test pilot Bolesław Orliński at the controls. It had a very similar wing to the P.1, but the fuselage was completely redesigned with a modern semi-monocoque configuration introduced that was oval in cross-section, as well, the tail was also changed. As a result of the modifications, the aircraft was over 200 kg lighter.
Technical description[edit]
The PZL P.6 was an all-metal duralumin-covered, braced, high-wing monoplane. The fuselage was framed in a front section and semi-monocoque in mid and tail sections with an oval cross-section. The two-spar wing of trapezoid shape, thinner by the fuselage, covered with a rimmed Wibault type duralumin sheet, was supported by two struts on either side. The pilot's cockpit was open, with a windshield. The Bristol Jupiter VI FH radial engine mounted in front was fitted with a Townend ring and used a two-blade propeller. The fixed undercarriage with a rear skid was mainly conventional and typical of the period. An unusual feature was a fuselage fuel tank that could be dropped in case of a fire emergency.
Testing and evaluation[edit]
The P.6, just like the P.1, garnered a great deal of interest worldwide. Their wing design was called the "Polish wing" or "Puławski wing". During a presentation at the Paris Air Show in Le Bourget in December 1931, the aviation press, such as L'Air, The Aeroplane, Flight and Die Luftwacht acknowledged the P.6 as one of the world's top fighter designs. Significantly, the P.6 prototype, piloted by Bolesław Orliński, won the American National Air Races held in Cleveland between the 29th of August and the 7th of September 1931.
The PZL P.6 did not enter production, because at the same time the next improved variant, the PZL P.7 was being developed. The first P.7 prototype retained most design tratis of the P.6 with a more powerful supercharged Bristol Jupiter VII F engine, achieved better performance at higher altitudes.
The sinlg eP.6 prototype crashed on 11 October 1931 near Częstochowa due to a propeller breaking apart, resulting in catastrophic engine failure. The pilot, Orliński, bailed out successfully.
Variants[edit]
- P.6/I : First prototype, later became P.7 prototype.
Operators[edit]
Specifications (P.6/I)[edit]
Data from Polish aircraft 1893-1939 [1]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 7.16 m (23 ft 6 in)
- Wingspan: 10.3 m (33 ft 10 in)
- Height: 2.75 m (9 ft 0 in)
- Wing area: 17.2 m2 (185 sq ft)
- Airfoil: root:IAW-72 (Bartel 37/IIa) (6.5%) ; tip: IAW-72 (Bartel 37/IIa) (8%)[2]
- Empty weight: 908 kg (2,002 lb)
- Gross weight: 1,355 kg (2,987 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 250 L (66 US gal; 55 imp gal) in a jettisonable fuselage tank
- Powerplant: 1 × Bristol Jupiter VIFH 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 340 kW (450 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed Gnome-Rhŏne fixed-pitch metal propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 292 km/h (181 mph, 158 kn) at sea level
- 285 km/h (177 mph; 154 kn) at 3,800 m (12,500 ft)
- Minimum speed: 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn)
- Stall speed: 103 km/h (64 mph, 56 kn) [citation needed]
- Range: 600 km (370 mi, 320 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 8,600 m (28,200 ft)
- Rate of climb: 10.3 m/s (2,000 ft/min) [citation needed]
- Time to altitude: 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in 2 minutes 50 seconds
- 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 9 minutes 1 seconds
- Wing loading: 78.7 kg/m2 (16.1 lb/sq ft)
- Power/mass: 0.25 kW/kg (0.15 hp/lb)
Armament
- Guns: 2 x 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Vickers E machine guns in fuselage
See also[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References[edit]
- ^ Cynk, Jerzy B (1971). Polish aircraft 1893-1939. Putnam. pp. 147-154. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.
- ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
Further reading[edit]
- Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-039-X.
- Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.
- Eberspacher, Warren A. and Koniarek, Jan P. PZL Fighters Part One - P.1 through P.8. (International Squadron Monograph 2). St. Paul, MN: Phalanx Publishing Co., Ltd., 1995. ISBN 1-883809-12-6.
- Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 (in Polish: "Polish Aviation Constructions 1893-1939"). Warszawa, Poland: WKiŁ, 1977. no ISBN
- Glass, Andrzej. PZL P.7: Cz.1. Gdańsk, Poland: AJ Press, 2000. ISBN 83-7237-080-X.
- Kopański, Tomasz J. PZL P.7: Cz.2. Gdańsk, Poland: AJ Press, 2001. ISBN 83-7237-081-8.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to PZL P.6.
