PZL-104

PZL-104 Wilga
Type:	Multipurpose aircraft
Design country:	Poland
Manufacturer:	PZL
First flight:	April 24, 1962
Commissioning:	from 1962
Production time:	1962-2008
Number of pieces:	about 1000

PZL-104 Wilga 35A with snow runners on landing

The PZL-104 Wilga (Oriole) is a single-engine Polish multi-purpose aircraft from the Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze (State Aviation Works) with STOL capability. It is used, among other things, as an agricultural, medical, travel, towing and training aircraft.

history

The previous model was the PZL-101 Gawron (rook), which in turn was based on the Jak-12M, which was produced under license in Poland . The development was carried out by Bronisław Żurakowski, the first flight of the prototype Wilga 1 took place on April 24, 1962.

The first series models were still equipped with 6-cylinder boxer engines and were produced under the name Wilga 2 . This was followed by the Wilga 3 equipped with a radial engine , which flew for the first time on December 2, 1965.

In 1967 the model was revised again and equipped with a 9-cylinder radial engine AI-14R from Ivchenko Progress . This type, known as the Wilga 35 , appeared in large numbers and flew for the first time on July 28, 1967. By 2008, 997 Wilgas had been produced and exported to 18 countries. Indonesia produced the aircraft as "Gelatik" under license.

Indonesian license "Gelatik 32" of the export version Wilga 32

In the GDR , 81 copies of the Wilga 35A version from 1971 onwards were mainly used by the Society for Sport and Technology for dropping parachutists, as a tow plane for gliders and at precision flight championships. Two Wilgas flew briefly in 1981 with the People's Police , five were used by Interflug's agricultural flight company . As a single aircraft, the Wilga was overpowered, but as a tow plane for up to two gliders it had excellent safety reserves in terms of engine power. The Wilga can also be used to tow three single-seat gliders (troika tow) at events. In doing so, however, she reaches the load limit. The pilots liked to refer to the aircraft as an aerodynamic crumble cake, which compensated for all related shortcomings with sheer engine power.

description

The aircraft is a cantilevered shoulder - wing aircraft in all-metal half-shell construction with sheet metal planking. The non-braced wing has a spar , slat and slotted flaps. A NACA 2415 is used throughout as the wing profile inside and outside . The rigid tail wheel chassis has an hydropneumatic suspension and can be equipped with snow runners . The combination of good power-to-weight ratio , variable pitch propeller and aerodynamic buoyancy aids enables use on very short take-off and landing fields.

Versions

Wilga 80

PZL-104M "Wilga 2000" of the Polish Border Guard, 2005

Cockpit of a PZL-104 Wilga

• Wilga 1 : Prototype, first flight on April 24, 1962
• Wilga 2 : early version with a 6-cylinder Narkiewicz WN-6RB-2 engine (143 kW / 185 PS) and a two-bladed wooden propeller (2.65 m diameter). First flight on April 5, 1963.
• Wilga 3 : A further development from 1965 with a two-bladed wooden propeller. Executions:
  • Wilga 3A: Sport aircraft with double controls and towing device for gliders
  • Wilga 3P: Travel and liaison aircraft with more comfortable cabin fittings, night flight equipment and 2.4 m³ cargo space for up to 300 kg
  • Wilga 3R: Agricultural version with atomizing, spraying or spraying equipment and a plastic container for 500 l liquid or 270 kg powder chemicals. The working speed was 110–130 km / h at a working height of 2–10 m
  • Wilga 3S: Sanitary version with combined wheel / skid chassis. Equipped with a stretcher and two seats for a doctor and a slightly injured person, oxygen device, blood transfusion machine and medical instruments
  • Wilga 32: (also: Wilga C) Export version of the Wilga 3 with a Continental O-470K engine , two-bladed McCauley variable pitch propeller and shortened main landing gear. In Indonesia, the model was also built under license as "Gelatik 32" (rice star). First flight on September 12, 1967.
• Wilga 35 : Further development from 1967
  • Wilga 35A: sports aircraft for flying clubs
  • Wilga 35H: float version (1979)
  • Wilga 35P: travel and liaison aircraft
  • Wilga 35R: Agricultural version with external chemical containers on the sides
  • Wilga 35S: ambulance aircraft with medical equipment and two stretchers
• Wilga 80 : Further development from 1979
  • Wilga 80H: float version
• Wilga 2000 : Further development from 1998, Lycoming engine
  • PZL-104M Wilga 2000
  • PZL-104MW Wilga 2000 float version
  • PZL-104MA Wilga 2000

Technical specifications

Three-sided view of the Wilga 35

Parameter	Wilga 2	Wilga 3	Wilga 32	Wilga 35	PZL-104MA
span	11.12 m				11.28 m
length	8.30 m	8.00 m	8.20 m	8.10 m	8.62 m
height	2.70 m	2.80 m	2.50 m	2.96 m	2.58 m
Wing area	15.50 m²
Wing extension	8.0				k. A.
profile	NACA 2415				k. A.
Track width (main landing gear)	2.50 m			2.85 m	k. A.
Preparation mass	670 kg	700 kg	740 kg	825 kg	968 kg
Payload	480 kg	450 kg	490 kg	405 kg	k. A.
Takeoff mass	1150 kg		1230 kg		1400 kg
Wing loading	74.00 kg / m²		79.3 kg / m²	79.4 kg / m²	k. A.
Power load	6.3 kg / hp	4.42 kg / hp	5.3 kg / hp	4.72 kg / hp	k. A.
drive	Narkiewicz WN-6RB-2	Ivchenko AI-14R	Continental O-470-R	Ivchenko AI-14R	Textron Lycoming I0-540-K1B5
power	143 kW (194 hp)	190 kW (258 hp)	170 kW (231 hp)	190 kW (258 hp)	220 kW (299 hp)
Tank volume	k. A.	195 l	196 l		k. A.
Top speed	200 km / h	210 km / h	205 km / h	210 km / h	243 km / h
Cruising speed	170 km / h	195 km / h	180 km / h	190 km / h	210 km / h
Minimum speed	75 km / h	50 km / h	53 km / h	92 km / h	k. A.
Start / landing distance	110 m 100 m	90 m 100 m	120 m 100 m	125 m 210 m	206 m ?
Take-off / landing distance over 15 m	190 m / 170 m	160/240 m	190 m / 238 m	k. A.	k. A.
Climb performance	5.0 m / s	8.5 m / s	4.5 m / s	6.3 m / s	4.7 m / s
Summit height	4000 m	6700 m	4850 m	4500 m	3500 m
Range	700 km			680 km	1240 km
Crew / passengers	1/3

See also

• List of aircraft types

Web links

Commons : PZL-104 Wilga  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• EASA-TCDS-A.061 (PDF; 1.1 MB) - Type approval of the PLZ-104-Wilga series

Individual evidence

1. ^ Detlef Billig, Manfred Meyer: Airplanes of the GDR Volume 3, TOM Modellbau 2003, ISBN 3-613-02285-0 , pp. 14-21
2. ↑ The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage * , page of the Applied Aerodynamics Group at the UIUC ( Memento of April 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 11, 2011
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Jerzy Grzegorzewski, Janusz Babiejczuk: The Polish aviation industry. In: Aerosport No. 7/1967, p. 257
4. ^ Heinz AF Schmidt: Airplanes from all over the world. Volume I. 3rd, revised edition. Transpress, Berlin, p. 131
5. ^ Heinz A. F. Schmidt: Flieger-Jahrbuch 1966. , Transpress, Berlin 1965, p. 129
6. ^ Heinz AF Schmidt: Airplanes from all over the world. Volume II. 2nd, revised edition. Transpress, Berlin, p. 104
7. ^ Heinz A. F. Schmidt: Flieger-Jahrbuch 1968. , Transpress, Berlin 1965, p. 98
8. ^ Heinz AF Schmidt: Airplanes from all over the world. Volume III. 2nd, revised edition. Transpress, Berlin, p. 91
9. ^ Heinz AF Schmidt: Airplanes from all over the world. Volume IV. 2nd, revised edition. Transpress, Berlin, p. 108
10. ^ Heinz AF Schmidt: work planes. In: Aerotyp Volume 7. Transpress, Berlin 1971, p. 57.