Yakovlev Yak-12

Yakovlev Yak-12
Jak-12M
Type:	Multipurpose aircraft
Design country:	Soviet Union
Manufacturer:	OKB Jakowlew , WSK-Okęcie
First flight:	1947
Production time:	1949 to 1960
Number of pieces:	4992 (without China)

The Jakowlew Jak-12 ( Russian Яковлев Як-12 ) is a multi-purpose aircraft that was developed in the Soviet Union from 1944 . It was supposed to replace the Po-2 of the designer Nikolai Polikarpow . The Jak-12 was used for a wide variety of tasks, for example as a liaison , medical and agricultural aircraft . Several thousand of the aircraft, which was also reproduced under license in Poland , were produced in numerous versions.

development

Alexander Jakowlew based his design on the Jakowlew Jak-10 , a two-seat liaison aircraft. The most important changes compared to the predecessor were a new wing with a different profile thickness, a redesigned tail unit and a generously glazed cabin. The Jak-12 also had an additional third emergency seat and a multifunctional landing gear that could be converted to skis or swimmers. An air-cooled piston engine M-11FR with cylinders arranged in a star shape served as the drive . Great importance was attached to the shortest possible take-off and landing routes so that even the smallest of areas can take off or land there.
The shoulder- wing aircraft was tested around 1946/47 and series production began in 1949 and continued until 1960. In the early 1950s, the Jak-12 received the more powerful AI-14R engine , which was retained until the end of production. From 1956 to 1960, 137 Jak-12A and 1054 Jak-12M were built under license in the WSK factory in Warsaw's Okęcie district.

The hull of the Jak-12 consisted of a fabric-covered tubular steel construction with a rectangular cross-section. In the engine area, the outer skin was made of metal.

The wing had two main spars and was connected to the fuselage with V-struts. The leading edge was provided with slats that ran over the entire wingspan . The oars and flaps were also covered with fabric, while the entire other part of the wing was covered with metal. The stripped normal tail consisted of a frame made of steel tubes with fabric covering. The Jak-12 had a rigid rear wheel landing gear, the main wheels of which were not connected to each other.

variants

Basic model Jak-12 in the Polish Aviation Museum

Jak-12A

designation	features
Jak-12	Of the first serial version of the Jak-12, about 300 copies were built and mainly used in the military sector.
Jak-12G	This machine was similar to the first series version, but was equipped with two floats. The first flight took place in 1948.
Jak-12SCh	Another version for insecticide spraying from 1948 ( S elsko- Ch osjaistwennij Samoljot = agricultural aircraft).
Jak-12S	A medical variant from 1948 with space for a stretcher, medical equipment and a medic
Jak-12R	This type version equipped with an AI-12A flew for the first time in 1951/52 and, in contrast to the first series, was equipped with a larger wing. About 2000 of them were produced in the USSR and Poland.
Jak-12M	From 1955 built four-seater further development of the Jak-12R in all-metal construction. The tail unit received a keel fin on the upper side of the fuselage and enlarged tail surfaces. About 1,000 pieces were produced. A Polish development that first flew in 1958 was called PZL-101 Gawron .
Jak-12A	About 1,500 of this civilian version were built in the USSR and about 1150 in Poland. It was a further development of the Jak-12M from 1957. In the Soviet Union it was used by the DOSAAF as a towing, liaison and dropping aircraft for parachutists; other areas of activity were both in agriculture and in the short-haul transport sector. The range could be increased by installing larger tanks.
Jak-12P	Series version manufactured in mixed construction and equipped with a 118 kW motor

Military users

•  Bulgaria
•  Yugoslavia
•  Mongolia
•  Poland
•  Soviet Union
•  Czechoslovakia
•  Hungary

Technical specifications

Three-sided tear

Parameter	Jak-12M	Jak-12A	PZL-101 "Gawron"
span	12.60 m		12.68 m
length	9.00 m
height	3.10 m	2.44 m	2.81 m
Wing area	23.90 m²	22.66 m²	23.68 m²
Preparation mass	1014 kg	1059 kg	1020 kg
Takeoff mass	1435 kg	1588 kg	1660 kg
Engine	an AI-14R
Starting power	190 kW (258 hp)
Top speed	220 km / h	230 km / h	170 km / h
Summit height	4600 m	4550 m	3380 m
Range	760 km	1070 km	660 km 1140 km with additional tanks

See also

• List of aircraft types

literature

• Wolfgang Counting: Jakowlew Jak-12. The "air taxi" . In: FLiEGERREVUE X . No. 72 . PPV Medien, 2018, ISSN  2195-1233 , p. 100-109 .

Web links

Commons : Jakowlew Jak-12  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files