Yakovlev Yak-12
Yakovlev Yak-12 | |
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Jak-12M |
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Type: | Multipurpose aircraft |
Design country: | |
Manufacturer: | |
First flight: |
1947 |
Production time: |
1949 to 1960 |
Number of pieces: |
4992 (without China) |
The Jakowlew Jak-12 ( Russian Яковлев Як-12 ) is a multi-purpose aircraft that was developed in the Soviet Union from 1944 . It was supposed to replace the Po-2 of the designer Nikolai Polikarpow . The Jak-12 was used for a wide variety of tasks, for example as a liaison , medical and agricultural aircraft . Several thousand of the aircraft, which was also reproduced under license in Poland , were produced in numerous versions.
development
Alexander Jakowlew based his design on the Jakowlew Jak-10 , a two-seat liaison aircraft. The most important changes compared to the predecessor were a new wing with a different profile thickness, a redesigned tail unit and a generously glazed cabin. The Jak-12 also had an additional third emergency seat and a multifunctional landing gear that could be converted to skis or swimmers. An air-cooled piston engine M-11FR with cylinders arranged in a star shape served as the drive . Great importance was attached to the shortest possible take-off and landing routes so that even the smallest of areas can take off or land there.
The shoulder- wing aircraft was tested around 1946/47 and series production began in 1949 and continued until 1960. In the early 1950s, the Jak-12 received the more powerful AI-14R engine , which was retained until the end of production. From 1956 to 1960, 137 Jak-12A and 1054 Jak-12M were built under license in the WSK factory in Warsaw's Okęcie district.
The hull of the Jak-12 consisted of a fabric-covered tubular steel construction with a rectangular cross-section. In the engine area, the outer skin was made of metal.
The wing had two main spars and was connected to the fuselage with V-struts. The leading edge was provided with slats that ran over the entire wingspan . The oars and flaps were also covered with fabric, while the entire other part of the wing was covered with metal. The stripped normal tail consisted of a frame made of steel tubes with fabric covering. The Jak-12 had a rigid rear wheel landing gear, the main wheels of which were not connected to each other.
variants
designation | features |
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Jak-12 | Of the first serial version of the Jak-12, about 300 copies were built and mainly used in the military sector. |
Jak-12G | This machine was similar to the first series version, but was equipped with two floats. The first flight took place in 1948. |
Jak-12SCh | Another version for insecticide spraying from 1948 ( S elsko- Ch osjaistwennij Samoljot = agricultural aircraft). |
Jak-12S | A medical variant from 1948 with space for a stretcher, medical equipment and a medic |
Jak-12R | This type version equipped with an AI-12A flew for the first time in 1951/52 and, in contrast to the first series, was equipped with a larger wing. About 2000 of them were produced in the USSR and Poland. |
Jak-12M | From 1955 built four-seater further development of the Jak-12R in all-metal construction. The tail unit received a keel fin on the upper side of the fuselage and enlarged tail surfaces. About 1,000 pieces were produced. A Polish development that first flew in 1958 was called PZL-101 Gawron . |
Jak-12A | About 1,500 of this civilian version were built in the USSR and about 1150 in Poland. It was a further development of the Jak-12M from 1957. In the Soviet Union it was used by the DOSAAF as a towing, liaison and dropping aircraft for parachutists; other areas of activity were both in agriculture and in the short-haul transport sector. The range could be increased by installing larger tanks. |
Jak-12P | Series version manufactured in mixed construction and equipped with a 118 kW motor |
Military users
Technical specifications
Parameter | Jak-12M | Jak-12A | PZL-101 "Gawron" |
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span | 12.60 m | 12.68 m | |
length | 9.00 m | ||
height | 3.10 m | 2.44 m | 2.81 m |
Wing area | 23.90 m² | 22.66 m² | 23.68 m² |
Preparation mass | 1014 kg | 1059 kg | 1020 kg |
Takeoff mass | 1435 kg | 1588 kg | 1660 kg |
Engine | an AI-14R | ||
Starting power | 190 kW (258 hp) | ||
Top speed | 220 km / h | 230 km / h | 170 km / h |
Summit height | 4600 m | 4550 m | 3380 m |
Range | 760 km | 1070 km | 660 km 1140 km with additional tanks |
See also
literature
- Wolfgang Counting: Jakowlew Jak-12. The "air taxi" . In: FLiEGERREVUE X . No. 72 . PPV Medien, 2018, ISSN 2195-1233 , p. 100-109 .