Experimental design office
An experimental design office ( Russian опытно-конструкторское бюро ( ОКБ ), OKB, ópytno-konstrúktorskoje bjuró) is the name for a Soviet or Russian development and design institute led by a successful aerospace engineer , according to his Plans in manufacturing plants for aircraft, missiles or the like were produced.
history
The first OKBs emerged in 1939 and recruited their chief designers from the ZAGI or the ZKB , who until then were solely responsible for the development of aircraft in the Soviet Union. The chief designer was also the namesake of the design group. Each OKB was equipped with an attached workshop and an airfield so that projects could be built and tested on the spot. Once an aircraft was approved for series production, it was built in centrally allocated state production facilities that were distributed throughout Soviet territory. Nevertheless, it was named after its designer plus a serial number. The Second World War was an exception, in which the OKB workshops were also included in series production to increase output. After the resignation or death of the chief designer, the OKBs usually kept their names (e.g. Tupolev ) or were closed (e.g. Polikarpow ). During the Stalin era , however, some of the designers worked for years in Soviet special prisons or special offices.
After the Second World War, design offices for helicopters, rocket and space technology were added.
In today's Russia, the remaining design offices and associated production facilities are integrated into the state aviation group OAK , so that they cannot be compared with western manufacturers.
Design offices for aircraft
- OKB-21 Alexeyev
- OKB-23 and OKB-482 Myasishchev (M)
- OKB-31 Moskalev
- OKB-39 and OKB-240 Ilyushin (Il)
- OKB-49 Beriev (Be)
- OKB-51 Polikarpow (Po), later Sukhoi (Su)
- OKB-86 Bartini , from 1938 also OKB-89 Maximow
- OKB-89 Maximov
- OKB-115 Jakowlew (Jak)
- OKB-120 Zhdanov
- OKB-153 and OKB-473 Antonow (An)
- OKB-155 Mikoyan-Gurevich (MiG)
- OKB-155-2 first offshoot of OKB-155, later Bereznjak-Issajew (BI), today MKB Raduga
- OKB-156 Tupolew (Tu), also Petlyakov (Pe) and Arkhangelsky (Ar)
- OKB-207 Borovkov
- OKB-240 Yermolayev (Jer)
- OKB-256 Zybin , transferred to the OKB of Myasishchev in 1959
- OKB-301 Lavochkin (La)
- OKB-458 Cheetverikov
Design offices for helicopters
Design offices for aircraft and rocket engines
- OKB-19 Solowjow , later Awiadwigatel OAO
- OKB-20 Omsk engines OKB
- OKB-26, OKB-45 and OKB-117 Klimow
- OKB-165 Lyulka
- OKB-276 Kuznetsov , later NK engines
- OKB-300 Mikulin , later Tumanski
- OKB-456 Gluschko (Gasdynamisches Laboratorium), now NPO Energomasch
- OKB-478 Zaporozhye engine plant Ivchenko progress , led by Alexandr Ivchenko and Vladimir Lotaryov , among others
Rocket and space equipment design offices
- OKB-1 Koroljow , today RKK Energija
- OKB-2 Tritko
- OKB-4 Bisnowat , today NPO "Molnija"
- OKB-10 Reshetnyov , NPO PM
- OKB-30 Kisunko , 1965 from KB-1, "Antiraketen", rocket B-1000, complexes "A", "A-35", "A-35M"
- OKB-52 Chelomei , today NPO Maschinostrojenija
- OKB-134 Toropow , today Wympel NPO
- OKB-586 Jangel , today KB Juschnoje
- OKB-692 control and navigation systems (e.g. for the R-16 rocket ) in Kharkov
Design offices for nuclear technology
- OKB Gidropress , nuclear reactors of the VVER series
- OKB-246 Afrikantow, today OKBM , nuclear reactors for military applications, nuclear submarines , atomic icebreakers , fast reactors , small reactors for nuclear heating plants ( Voronezh , Gorki ) and floating nuclear power plants like the Akademik Lomonossow
Design offices for submarines
OKBs of the Soviet zone of occupation in Germany
After the Second World War from May 1945 to October 1946 (see Aktion Ossawakim ), the following OKBs existed for military and economic-political tasks in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany and in the Soviet sector of Berlin
- OKB-1 in Dessau at Junkers & Co.
- OKB-1 (F) in Warnemünde near Heinkel ("F" for branch)
- OKB-2 in Staßfurt at BMW
- OKB-3 in Halle (Saale) at Siebel Flugzeugwerke
- OKB-4 in Berlin at Askania Werke
- OKB-5 in Berlin at?
- OKB-6 in Berlin at Siemens
- OKB-7 in Neuhaus-Schierschnitz at Siemens
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinz Hartlepp (ed.): Memories of Samara. German aviation specialists from Junkers, BMW and Askania in the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1954 and the time thereafter . Aviatic, Oberhaching 2005, ISBN 3-925505-83-0 , p. 24 .
- ↑ Dieter Scheller: Adventure Podberesje - as the son of a Junkers designer in Russia . Projects Verlag Hahn, 2016, ISBN 978-3-946169-08-6 , p. 277-285 .
- ↑ Dimitri Alexejewitsch Sobolew: German traces in Soviet aviation history . The participation of German companies and professionals in aviation development in the USSR. Mittler, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-8132-0675-0 , p. 171 ff .