Yakovlev UT-2
| Yakovlev UT-2 | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type: | Trainer aircraft |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
July 11, 1935 |
| Production time: |
1938 to 1948 |
| Number of pieces: |
7243 |
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The Yakovlev UT-2 ( Russian Яковлев УТ-2 , NATO code name Mink ) is a Soviet trainer aircraft . During the Second World War it served alongside the Po-2 as a standard aircraft for pilot training for the air force and also flew in many aero clubs in the Soviet Union. UT stands for uchebno-trenirowotschny (учебно-тренировочный), education / training.
development
Alexander Jakowlew developed it from 1934 under the original name AIR-20 from the AIR-10 . The first flight took place on July 11, 1935 by Julian Piontkowski . In the same year the UT-2 won the 5000 km long national union flight of the sport aircraft against 30 types of different designs. Series production began in 1938.
It consisted of a fabric-covered tubular steel cell and a cantilevered wing in low- wing construction made of wood, which was also covered with fabric. The tail unit was normal and provided with tensioning pulls. The bow of the fuselage received metal planking. The UT-2 had a rigid tail landing gear with a tail spur. Optionally, floats could also be installed. This version was called WT-2 .
Originally intended to replace the Po-2, the UT-2 could not completely replace it. Nevertheless, 7243 units had been produced by the end of production in 1948.
The UT-2 was also flown in Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia. Jakowlew developed the single-seat variant UT-1 from the UT-2 .
Versions
- Ja-20 (AIR-20) : Prototype designation. Two were tested with different engines, one with the M-11 engine and one with a French Bengali-4 engine from Renault . Although the M-11 was selected for series production, some examples were equipped with the Bengali 4. With one of these aircraft, the pilots Stefanowski and Nikitin won the Moscow – Sevastopol – Moscow air race in 1937 and covered the 2815 km long route at an average speed of 238.2 km / h.
- UT-2 : first series version, which was introduced after prototype testing and then carried out because changes required by the air force .
- UT-2M : modified version from 1941 with modified support, tail and landing gear
- UT-2MW : UT-2M, which were necessarily converted to light fighter aircraft after the start of the war . Some examples were equipped with two SchKAS machine guns mounted on the wings , others received underwing stations for dropping small bombs or launching devices for reactive projectiles of the RS-82 type .
- UT-2L : completely redesigned variant with Jak-7 pulpit hood, which was tested in summer 1944. It did not go into production, but served as the original version for the Jak-18 .
- UT-2WT : seaplane with two floats, with Renault engine built. Stefanowski and Nikitin set three world records with a WT in 1937.
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Data |
|---|---|
| Years of construction | 1935-1948 |
| Manufacturer | Yakovlev |
| constructor | Alexander Yakovlev |
| span | 10.20 m |
| length | 7.00 m |
| height | 3.00 m |
| Wing area | 17.12 m² |
| Empty mass | 616 kg |
| Takeoff mass | maximum 856 kg |
| Wing loading | 50 kg / m² |
| Power load | 8.56 kg / hp |
| Engine | an air-cooled 5-cylinder radial engine Schwezow M-11 |
| power | 75 kW (100 PS) |
| Top speed | 210 km / h |
| Cruising speed | 160 km / h |
| Landing speed | 90 km / h |
| Range | normal 500 km maximum 750 km |
| Summit height | 3,500 m |
| crew | 1-2 |
Replica
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The Russian company Rusavia carried out the replica of a flightable UT-2B from 2012. The aircraft completed its maiden flight on October 13, 2016 from Darino Airfield.
See also
literature
- Wilfried Bergholz: Russia's great aircraft manufacturer . Jakowlew, Mikojan / Gurewitsch, Suchoj. Aviatic, Oberhaching 2002, ISBN 3-925505-73-3 , p. 30/31 .
- Heinz A. F. Schmidt: Soviet planes . Transpress, Berlin 1971, p. 169 .
Web links
- Yakovlev Piston Trainers & Stunters. www.airvectors.net, accessed April 4, 2020 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ulrich Unger: On the 75th birthday of A. S. Jakowlew - his sports and training aircraft in Flieger Revue 2/81 (336), p. 71
- ↑ УТ-2. Retrieved January 13, 2017 (Russian, report on the first flight of a UT-2 replica).
- ↑ Rare Jak UT-2 flies . In: Aviation Classics . No. 2/2017 . Motor Presse, Stuttgart 2017, p. 7 .