PZL TS-8
| PZL TS-8 Bies | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type: | Trainer aircraft |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
July 23, 1955 |
| Commissioning: |
1958 |
| Production time: |
1958-1961 |
| Number of pieces: |
252 |
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The PZL TS-8 Bies ( German devil ) is a Polish training aircraft .
development
The TS-8 was developed from 1953 at the Polish Aviation Institute ( Polish Instytut Lotnictwa , IL) under the direction of Tadeusz Sołtyk in order to create a modern transition trainer with a nose wheel configuration for the initial and advanced training of fighter pilots, which was based on the Jak- 11 and TS-9 should replace Junak . Sołtyk had already dealt with such a project at the end of the 1940s, but did not pursue it any further because the As-10C engine in question turned out to be too weak. When the 320 hp WN-3 engine , developed in -house, became available, the TS-8, named after Sołtyk's initials, was created within two years. The first prototype P.1 with the aircraft registration SP – GLF took off on July 23, 1955, flown by Andrzej Abłamowicz, on its successful maiden flight. In the following year, the two prototypes P.2 ( SP-GLG ) and P.3 ( SP-GLH ) were completed, which were integrated into the ongoing flight tests with their first flights on March 13 and August 18, 1956, respectively. The PZL pilots Andrzej Abłamowicz and Ludwik Natkaniec were able to set seven international records in the class up to 1500 kg with the model in the test phase in the period 1956/57, of which the last, 320.362 km / h on a 2000 km circuit, was only the first could be discontinued in August 1982.
In the meantime, a pilot series of ten TS-8 BI machines had been launched at the PZL aircraft plant in Warszawa-Okęcie , which the Polish Air Force took over for troop testing. They were still armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun, which was left out in the later series and / or replaced by a photo machine gun . Then in 1958 the actual production of the main lot of a total of 229 TS-8 BII began , which appeared in several sub-variants and differed mainly in the equipment . They were either equipped with a rigid wooden propeller or a variable-pitch propeller WR-1 , both two-bladed and with a diameter of 2.2 m. The last thing that was produced was a small series of ten specimens entitled TS-8 BIII , which received improved radio and navigation equipment. In 1961 production was stopped.
commitment
The TS-8 was mainly used as a transition trainer at the flying schools of the Polish Air Forces, Air Defense and Naval Forces to facilitate the switch to the jet-powered MiG-15 . It was also used for blind flight training and, thanks to its aerobatic capabilities, it was also suitable for advanced pilots to maintain or improve their level of training. Two TS-8 were shipped to Indonesia. However, the model was already retired from 1964, when the more modern jet trainer TS-11 Iskra was introduced to the armed forces. Then many TS-8 went to Polish flying clubs; between 1966 and 1975 101 aircraft were handed over in this way, the last of which still flew in 1975. The prototypes P.2 and P.3 were still in use at the Polish Aviation Institute until 1972, prototype number one was already in the holdings of the Aviation Museum in Krakow in 1964 .
construction
The TS-8 is a cantilever low- wing aircraft in shell construction with a duralumin cover that is reinforced with ribs and Z-profiles . The pilot's cabin is equipped with two seats arranged one behind the other and double controls. It is covered by a two-part plexiglass hood that can be thrown off in one piece in an emergency. Three interconnected fuel tanks are located in the fuselage floor under the cabin. A total of 160 kg of fuel and lubricants can be carried.
The all-metal structure is in three parts and also designed in the shape of a shell, with the middle part forming a structural composite with the fuselage, to which the two outer wings connect. The self-supporting tail unit has dural-clad fins and a somewhat higher horizontal fin. All oars consist of duraluminium ribs and a tubular steel spar, are covered with fabric and aerodynamically balanced.
The hydraulically retractable undercarriage consists of the single-tyred main wheels with hydropneumatic shock absorbers and the nosewheel, which is just as easy to steer, with tires.
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Data (TS-8 BII) |
|---|---|
| crew | 1-2 |
| span | 10.00 m |
| length | 8.55 m |
| height | 3.00 m |
| Wing area | 19.10 m² |
| Track width | 2.35 m |
| Empty mass | 1070 kg |
| Takeoff mass | normal 1500 kg for aerobatics 1550 kg maximum 1760 kg |
| Wing loading | normal 78.5 kg / m² for aerobatics 81.2 kg / m² maximum 92.1 kg / m² |
| drive | an air-cooled seven - cylinder radial engine Narkiewicz WN-3 with two-bladed adjustable propeller WR-1 or rigid wooden propeller (Ø 2.20 m) |
| power | maximum 340 hp (250 kW) at 2500 rpm take-off power 320 hp (235 kW) at 2350 rpm nominal output 285 hp (210 kW) at 2250 rpm travel power 240 hp (177 kW) at 2100 rpm |
| Top speed | 310 km / h near the ground 180 km / h with flaps |
| Cruising speed | optimal 270 km / h |
| maximum permissible speed | 500 km / h |
| Minimum speed | 100 km / h with flaps |
| Landing speed | 90 km / h with flaps |
| Orbit speed when climbing | optimal 175 km / h |
| Rate of climb | 6.8 m / s near the ground |
| Flight duration | 2.5 h |
| Take-off / landing route | 390 m / 200 m with flaps |
| Service ceiling | 6400 m |
| Range | 675 km |
literature
- Peter All-Fernandez (ed.): Aircraft from A to Z . Volume 3: Koolhoven FK 56 – Zmaj. Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1989, ISBN 3-7637-5906-9 , pp. 202 .
- Wilfried Copenhagen , Jochen K. Beeck: The large aircraft type book . Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-613-02522-6 , p. 362 .
