Tephritoidea: Difference between revisions

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The '''Tephritoidea''' are a superfamily of [[Fly|flies]]. It has over 7,800 species, the majority of them in family Tephritidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kahanpää |first1=Jere |last2=Winqvist |first2=Kaj |date=2014-09-19 |title=Checklist of the Diptera superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea of Finland (Insecta) |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4054/ |journal=ZooKeys |language=en |issue=441 |pages=259–275 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.441.7143 |pmid=25337022 |pmc=4200462 |issn=1313-2970|doi-access=free }}</ref>
The '''Tephritoidea''' are a superfamily of [[Fly|flies]]. It has over 7,800 species, the majority of them in family Tephritidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kahanpää |first1=Jere |last2=Winqvist |first2=Kaj |date=2014-09-19 |title=Checklist of the Diptera superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea of Finland (Insecta) |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4054/ |journal=ZooKeys |language=en |issue=441 |pages=259–275 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.441.7143 |pmid=25337022 |pmc=4200462 |issn=1313-2970|doi-access=free }}</ref>


The following families are included:<ref name=HoYeon>{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Ho-Yeon |last2=Ro |first2=Kyung-Eui |year=2016 |title=Molecular phylogeny of the superfamily Tephritoidea (Insecta: Diptera) reanalysed based on expanded taxon sampling and sequence data |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzs.12139 |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=276–288 |doi=10.1111/jzs.12139|doi-access=free }}</ref>
The following families are included:<ref name=HoYeon>{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Ho-Yeon |last2=Ro |first2=Kyung-Eui |year=2016 |title=Molecular phylogeny of the superfamily Tephritoidea (Insecta: Diptera) reanalysed based on expanded taxon sampling and sequence data |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=276–288 |doi=10.1111/jzs.12139|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Ctenostylidae]]
* [[Ctenostylidae]]
* [[Eurygnathomyiidae]]
* [[Eurygnathomyiidae]]
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Tephritoidea are generally rather hairy flies with [[Seta|setae]] weakly differentiated. They have the following synapomorphies: male [[tergum]] 6 strongly reduced or absent; surstylus or medial surstylus with toothlike prensisetae (in Piophilidae only in one genus); female sterna 4-6 with anterior rodlike apodemes; female tergosternum 7 consisting of two portions, the anterior forming a tubular [[oviscape]] and the posterior consisting of two pairs of longitudinal taeniae.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Korneyev |first=V. A. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304404890 |title=Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior |date=1999 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=0-8493-1275-2 |editor-last=Aluja |editor-first=M. |pages=3–22 |chapter=Phylogenetic relationships among the families of the superfamily Tephritoidea |oclc=48652104 |editor-last2=Norrborn |editor-first2=A. L.}}</ref>
Tephritoidea are generally rather hairy flies with [[Seta|setae]] weakly differentiated. They have the following synapomorphies: male [[tergum]] 6 strongly reduced or absent; surstylus or medial surstylus with toothlike prensisetae (in Piophilidae only in one genus); female sterna 4-6 with anterior rodlike apodemes; female tergosternum 7 consisting of two portions, the anterior forming a tubular [[oviscape]] and the posterior consisting of two pairs of longitudinal taeniae.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Korneyev |first=V. A. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304404890 |title=Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior |date=1999 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=0-8493-1275-2 |editor-last=Aluja |editor-first=M. |pages=3–22 |chapter=Phylogenetic relationships among the families of the superfamily Tephritoidea |oclc=48652104 |editor-last2=Norrborn |editor-first2=A. L.}}</ref>


In most Tephritoidea, the anal cell of a wing has a characteristic shape: the anal crossvein is indented while the cell's outer posterior angle is produced into an acute lobe. The exceptions to this rule are Platystomatidae and some Tephritidae, Ulidiidae (=Otitidae), and Pyrgotidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlpine |first=David K. |date=1973-07-02 |title=The Australian Platystomatidae (Diptera, Schizophora) with a revision of five genera |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1967.15.1973.454 |journal=Australian Museum Memoir |volume=15 |pages=1–256 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1967.15.1973.454 |issn=0067-1967|doi-access=free }}</ref>
In most Tephritoidea, the anal cell of a wing has a characteristic shape: the anal crossvein is indented while the cell's outer posterior angle is produced into an acute lobe. The exceptions to this rule are Platystomatidae and some Tephritidae, Ulidiidae (=Otitidae), and Pyrgotidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlpine |first=David K. |date=1973-07-02 |title=The Australian Platystomatidae (Diptera, Schizophora) with a revision of five genera |journal=Australian Museum Memoir |volume=15 |pages=1–256 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1967.15.1973.454 |issn=0067-1967|doi-access=free }}</ref>


Many tephritoid families have spots or patterns on their wings. These are Pallopteridae,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Pallopteridae - Flutter Flies |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/12755 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> Platystomatidae,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Signal Fly - Family Platystomatidae |url=https://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_acalyptrata/ScarabFly.htm |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.brisbaneinsects.com}}</ref> Pyrgotidae,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Korneyev |first=V. A. |date=2004 |title=Genera of Palaearctic Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata), with Nomenclatural Notes and a Key |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273280672 |journal=Vestnik Zoologii |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=19–46}}</ref> Richardiidae,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wendt |first1=Lisiane Dilli |last2=Ale-Rocha |first2=Rosaly |date=2016-06-14 |title=FAMILY RICHARDIIDAE |url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4122.1.49 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4122 |issue=1 |pages=585–595 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.49 |pmid=27395297 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref> Tephritidae<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Tephritidae - Fruit Flies |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/7017 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> and Ulidiidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lomonosov Moscow State University |last2=Galinskaya |first2=T.V. |last3=Khaghaninia |first3=S. |last4=University of Tabriz |last5=Gharajedaghi |first5=Y. |last6=University of Tabriz |date=2012 |title=A contribution to the fauna of Ulidiidae and Otitidae (Diptera) of Iran |url=http://www.ssc-ras.ru/files/files/30_%20Galinskaya.pdf |journal=Caucasian Entomological Bulletin |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=342–345 |doi=10.23885/1814-3326-2012-8-2-342-345}}</ref>
Many tephritoid families have spots or patterns on their wings. These are Pallopteridae,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Pallopteridae - Flutter Flies |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/12755 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> Platystomatidae,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Signal Fly - Family Platystomatidae |url=https://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_acalyptrata/ScarabFly.htm |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.brisbaneinsects.com}}</ref> Pyrgotidae,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Korneyev |first=V. A. |date=2004 |title=Genera of Palaearctic Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata), with Nomenclatural Notes and a Key |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273280672 |journal=Vestnik Zoologii |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=19–46}}</ref> Richardiidae,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wendt |first1=Lisiane Dilli |last2=Ale-Rocha |first2=Rosaly |date=2016-06-14 |title=FAMILY RICHARDIIDAE |url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4122.1.49 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4122 |issue=1 |pages=585–595 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.49 |pmid=27395297 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref> Tephritidae<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Tephritidae - Fruit Flies |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/7017 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> and Ulidiidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lomonosov Moscow State University |last2=Galinskaya |first2=T.V. |last3=Khaghaninia |first3=S. |last4=University of Tabriz |last5=Gharajedaghi |first5=Y. |last6=University of Tabriz |date=2012 |title=A contribution to the fauna of Ulidiidae and Otitidae (Diptera) of Iran |url=http://www.ssc-ras.ru/files/files/30_%20Galinskaya.pdf |journal=Caucasian Entomological Bulletin |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=342–345 |doi=10.23885/1814-3326-2012-8-2-342-345}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 06:10, 11 February 2023

Tephritoidea
Female Physiphora alceae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Tephritoidea
Families

see text

The Tephritoidea are a superfamily of flies. It has over 7,800 species, the majority of them in family Tephritidae.[1]

The following families are included:[2]

The Tachiniscinae, formerly ranked as the family Tachiniscidae, are now included in the Tephritidae.

Description[edit]

Tephritoidea are generally rather hairy flies with setae weakly differentiated. They have the following synapomorphies: male tergum 6 strongly reduced or absent; surstylus or medial surstylus with toothlike prensisetae (in Piophilidae only in one genus); female sterna 4-6 with anterior rodlike apodemes; female tergosternum 7 consisting of two portions, the anterior forming a tubular oviscape and the posterior consisting of two pairs of longitudinal taeniae.[3]

In most Tephritoidea, the anal cell of a wing has a characteristic shape: the anal crossvein is indented while the cell's outer posterior angle is produced into an acute lobe. The exceptions to this rule are Platystomatidae and some Tephritidae, Ulidiidae (=Otitidae), and Pyrgotidae.[4]

Many tephritoid families have spots or patterns on their wings. These are Pallopteridae,[5] Platystomatidae,[6] Pyrgotidae,[7] Richardiidae,[8] Tephritidae[9] and Ulidiidae.[10]

Ecology[edit]

Tephritoidea includes plant pests in the families Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae and Ulidiidae.[11][12] In these pest species, adult females lay their eggs on plant tissues, which hatch into larvae that begin feeding.[11] However, Tephritoidea also includes parasitoids (Ctenostylidae, Pyrgotidae and the tephritid subfamily Tachiniscinae) and saprophages that feed on decaying plants (subfamily Phytalmiinae and some Lonchaeidae).[2][11]

Phylogeny[edit]

Tephritoidea is a monophyletic superfamily that can be divided into two also-monophyletic groups: the Piophilidae Family Group (Pallopteridae, Circumphallidae, Lonchaeidae, Piophilidae and Eurygnathomyiidae) and the Tephritidae Family Group (Richardiidae, Ulidiidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Ctenostylidae and Pyrgotidae).[2]

Evolution[edit]

The first Tephritoidea are believed to have evolved in the mid-Paleocene, approximately 59 million years ago.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kahanpää, Jere; Winqvist, Kaj (2014-09-19). "Checklist of the Diptera superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea of Finland (Insecta)". ZooKeys (441): 259–275. doi:10.3897/zookeys.441.7143. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4200462. PMID 25337022.
  2. ^ a b c d Han, Ho-Yeon; Ro, Kyung-Eui (2016). "Molecular phylogeny of the superfamily Tephritoidea (Insecta: Diptera) reanalysed based on expanded taxon sampling and sequence data". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 54 (4): 276–288. doi:10.1111/jzs.12139.
  3. ^ Korneyev, V. A. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among the families of the superfamily Tephritoidea". In Aluja, M.; Norrborn, A. L. (eds.). Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press. pp. 3–22. ISBN 0-8493-1275-2. OCLC 48652104.
  4. ^ McAlpine, David K. (1973-07-02). "The Australian Platystomatidae (Diptera, Schizophora) with a revision of five genera". Australian Museum Memoir. 15: 1–256. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1967.15.1973.454. ISSN 0067-1967.
  5. ^ "Family Pallopteridae - Flutter Flies". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  6. ^ "Signal Fly - Family Platystomatidae". www.brisbaneinsects.com. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  7. ^ Korneyev, V. A. (2004). "Genera of Palaearctic Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata), with Nomenclatural Notes and a Key". Vestnik Zoologii. 38 (1): 19–46.
  8. ^ Wendt, Lisiane Dilli; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016-06-14). "FAMILY RICHARDIIDAE". Zootaxa. 4122 (1): 585–595. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.49. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27395297.
  9. ^ "Family Tephritidae - Fruit Flies". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  10. ^ Lomonosov Moscow State University; Galinskaya, T.V.; Khaghaninia, S.; University of Tabriz; Gharajedaghi, Y.; University of Tabriz (2012). "A contribution to the fauna of Ulidiidae and Otitidae (Diptera) of Iran" (PDF). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin. 8 (2): 342–345. doi:10.23885/1814-3326-2012-8-2-342-345.
  11. ^ a b c Uchoa, M. A. (2012-02-24), Soloneski, Sonia (ed.), "Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea): Biology, Host Plants, Natural Enemies, and the Implications to Their Natural Control", Integrated Pest Management and Pest Control - Current and Future Tactics, InTech, doi:10.5772/31613, ISBN 978-953-51-0050-8, retrieved 2022-06-21
  12. ^ Garcia, Flavio R. M.; Norrbom, Allen L. (2011). "Tephritoid flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea) and their plant hosts from the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil". Florida Entomologist. 94 (2): 151–157. doi:10.1653/024.094.0205. ISSN 0015-4040. S2CID 86617692.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tephritoidea&oldid=1138719051"