Vachellia: Difference between revisions
Merged content from Acacia (Vachellia) to here. See Talk:Vachellia#Acacia and Talk:Vachellia#Merge proposal - "Acacia (Vachellia)" into "Vachellia" |
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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}} |
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{{Merge from |Acacia (Vachellia)|date=May 2016}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| image = Acacia smallii 4.jpg |
| image = Acacia smallii 4.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' |
| image_caption = ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' |
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| taxon = Vachellia |
| taxon = Vachellia |
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| authority = [[Robert Wight|Wight]] & [[George |
| authority = [[Robert Wight|Wight]] & [[George A. Walker Arnott|Arn.]] |
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| type_species = ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' |
| type_species = ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' |
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| type_species_authority = (L.) Wight & Arn. |
| type_species_authority = (L.) Wight & Arn. |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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⚫ | | |
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| subdivision = 147; see text. |
| subdivision = 147; see text. |
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| range_map = Vachellia Distribution Map.svg |
| range_map = Vachellia Distribution Map.svg |
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| range_map_caption = The range of the genus ''Vachellia''. |
| range_map_caption = The original range of the genus ''Vachellia''. Today it is also found in most Mediterranean countries. |
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| range_map_alt = World map showing Vachellia species occurring through out the tropics |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name=wwwcom>{{cite web |last1=Maslin |first1=B. R. |last2=Orchard |first2=A. E. |last3=West |first3=J. G. |title=Nomenclatural and classification history of |
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=wwwcom>{{cite web |last1=Maslin |first1=B. R. |last2=Orchard |first2=A. E. |last3=West |first3=J. G. |title=Nomenclatural and classification history of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), and the implications of generic subdivision |url=http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/taxonomy/nomen-class.pdf |website=worldwidewattle.com |access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref> |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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* ''Acacia'' subg. ''Acacia'' <small>Vassal, nom. illeg.</small> |
* ''Acacia'' subg. ''Acacia'' <small>Vassal, nom. illeg.</small> |
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'''''Vachellia''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]], commonly known as '''thorn trees''' or ''' |
'''''Vachellia''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]], commonly known as '''thorn trees''' or '''acacias'''. It belongs to the subfamily [[Mimosoideae]]. Its species were considered members of genus ''[[Acacia sensu lato|Acacia]]'' until 2009.<ref name="Kyalangalilwa" /><ref name="Clarke" /> ''Vachellia'' can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate [[inflorescence]]s and spinescent [[stipule]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Dyer C. | year = 2014 | title = New names for the African ''Acacia'' species in ''Vachellia'' and ''Senegalia'' | journal = Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = iii | doi = 10.2989/20702620.2014.980090| doi-access = free }}</ref> Before discovery of the [[New World]], Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of ''Vachellia'', which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans{{clarify|date=November 2023}}.<ref name=aus>{{cite book|last1=Austin|first1=Daniel F.|title=Florida ethnobotany Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona: with more than 500 species illustrated by Penelope N. Honychurch ... [et al.] |date=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton, FL |isbn=9780203491881 |pages=58–59}}</ref> |
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The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant.<ref name=shor>{{cite book|last1=Shorrocks |first1=Bryan |last2=Bates |first2=William |title=The Biology of African Savannahs |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= |
The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant.<ref name=shor>{{cite book|last1=Shorrocks |first1=Bryan |last2=Bates |first2=William |title=The Biology of African Savannahs |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0198702702 |pages=231–233 |edition=Biology of Habitats Series}}</ref> In parts of Africa, ''Vachellia'' species are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as [[gazelle]], [[gerenuk]], and [[giraffe]]. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory {{clarify|date=November 2023}}.<ref name=chid>{{cite book|last1=Chidumayo|first1=Emmanuel N.|last2=Gumbo|first2=Davison J.|title=The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136531378|page=25}}</ref> |
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==Nomenclature== |
==Nomenclature== |
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By 2005, |
By 2005, taxonomists had decided that ''[[Acacia sensu lato]]'' should be split into at least five separate genera. The [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants|ICN]] dictated that under these circumstances, the name of ''Acacia'' should remain with the original [[Type (biology)#In botany|type]], which was ''[[Vachellia nilotica|Acacia nilotica]]''.<ref name=wwwcom/> However, that year the General Committee of the [[International Botanical Congress|IBC]] decided that ''Acacia'' should be given a new type (''[[Acacia verticillatum]]'') so that the ~920 species of Australian acacias would not need to be renamed ''Racosperma''. This decision was opposed by 54.9% or 247 representatives at its 2005 congress, while 45.1% or 203 votes were cast in favor. However, since a 60% vote was required to override the committee, the decision was carried, and a ''[[Conserved name|nom. cons.]] propositum'' was listed in Appendix III (p. 286).<ref name="cord">{{cite book |last1=Corder |first1=Hugh |last2=Glazewski |first2=Jan |last3=Bleazard |first3=Janice |title=A Rose is a Rose but is an 'Acacia' an 'Acacia'? Global administrative law: development and innovation |date=2009 |publisher=Juta |location=Cape Town |isbn=9780702181900}}</ref><ref name="moor">{{cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Gerry |last2=Smith |first2=Gideon F. |last3=Figueiredo |first3=Estrela |last4=Demissew |first4=Sebsebe |last5=Lewis |first5=Gwilym |last6=Schrire |first6=Brian |last7=Rico |first7=Lourdes |last8=van Wyk |first8=Abraham E. |last9=Luckow |first9=Melissa |last10=Kiesling |first10=Roberto |last11=Sousa |first11=Mario |title=The Acacia controversy resulting from minority rule at the Vienna Nomenclature Section: Much more than arcane arguments and complex technicalities |journal=Taxon |date=June 2011 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=852–857 |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_not_pragm.pdf |access-date=19 May 2016|doi=10.1002/tax.603017 |hdl=2263/17167 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The 2011 congress voted 373 to 172 to uphold the 2005 decision, which means that the name ''[[Acacia]]'' and a new type follow the majority of the species in ''[[Acacia sensu lato]]'', rather than this genus.<ref name="acaciaresolution1">{{cite web |title= The Acacia debate |url=http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/nomenclature/nameissue/melbourne-ibc-2011-congress-news-tuesday-26-july.pdf |publisher=IBC2011 Congress News |access-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref> However, some members of the botanical community remain unconvinced,<ref name="acaciaresolution2">{{cite web |title=Conserving ''Acacia'' Mill. with a conserved type: What happened in Melbourne? |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_happen2.pdf |publisher=Taxon |access-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref> and the use of ''Acacia'' in the scientific literature continues to exceed the use of the new generic names. |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The members of ''Vachellia'' are trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, and are always armed. Younger plants, especially, are armed with spines which are modified [[stipule]]s, situated near the leaf bases. Some (''cf''. ''[[Vachellia tortilis|V. tortilis]]'', '' |
The members of ''Vachellia'' are trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, and are always armed. Younger plants, especially, are armed with spines which are modified [[stipule]]s, situated near the leaf bases. Some (''cf''. ''[[Vachellia tortilis|V. tortilis]]'', ''{{ill|Vachellia hebeclada|WD=Q9565225}}'', ''[[Vachellia luederitzii|V. luederitzii]]'' and ''[[Vachellia reficiens|V. reficiens]]'') are also armed with paired, recurved [[Thorns, spines, and prickles|prickles]] (in addition to the spines).<ref name=hyde>{{cite web|last1=Hyde |first1=Mark|title=3446.000 ''Acacia'' Mill.—Thorn trees |url=http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=667 |website=Flora of Zimbabwe |access-date=6 November 2015|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The leaves are alternate and bipinnately arranged, and their pinnae are usually opposite.<!--may be opposite, subopposite or sometimes alternate.--> The racemose inflorescences usually grow from the leaf axils. The yellow or creamy white flowers are produced in spherical heads, or seldom in elongate spikes, which is the general rule in the related genus ''[[Senegalia]]''. The flowers are typically bisexual with numerous stamens, but unisexual flowers have been noted in ''[[Vachellia nilotica|V. nilotica]]'' (''cf''. Sinha, 1971).<ref name=fao>{{cite web |title=Handbook on seeds of dry-zone acacias, 3. Reproductive biology |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/q2190e/Q2190E03.htm |website=fao.org |publisher=FAO Corporate Document Repository: Agriculture and Consumer Protection |access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref> The calyx and corolla are usually 4 to 5-lobed. Glands are usually present on the [[rachis]] and the upper side of the [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The seed pod may be straight, curved or curled, and either dehiscent or indehiscent.<ref name=hyde/> |
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<gallery widths="150" heights="200"> |
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File:Vachellia vernicosa.jpg|''V. vernicosa'', or "viscid acacia", in habitat, [[Trans-Pecos|Far West Texas]] |
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File:Vachellia vernicosa inflorescence.jpg|''V. vernicosa'', detail of inflorescence |
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</gallery> |
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==Species list== |
==Species list== |
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⚫ | Of the 163 species currently assigned to ''Vachellia'', 52 are native to the [[Americas]], 83 to [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]] and the [[Mascarene Islands]], 32 to [[Asia]] and 9 to [[Australia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]].<ref name=thiel>{{cite journal | author = Thiele KR. | title = The controversy over the retypification of ''Acacia'' Mill. with an Australian type: A pragmatic view | journal = [[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] | year = 2011 | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 194–198 | url = http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_pragm.pdf | jstor = 41059833| doi = 10.1002/tax.601017 }}</ref> ''Vachellia'' comprises the following species:<ref name="Seigler">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, Ebinger JE | title = New combinations in the genus ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World | journal = Phytologia | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 139–78 | year = 2005 | url = http://biostor.org/reference/63157}}</ref><ref name="Kyalangalilwa">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M | title = Phylogenetic position and revised classification of ''Acacia s.l.'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in ''Vachellia'' and ''Senegalia''. | journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 172 | issue = 4 | pages = 500–523 | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1111/boj.12047 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Seigler2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, Ebinger JE | title = New combinations in ''Senegalia'' and ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) | journal = Phytologia | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–95 | year = 2010 | url = http://www.phytologia.org/uploads/2/3/4/2/23422706/92192-95seaglernewcombinations.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Maslin">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maslin BR, Seigler DS, Ebinger J | title = New combinations in ''Senegalia and Vachellia'' (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China. | journal = Blumea | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–44 | year = 2013 | doi = 10.3767/000651913X669914| url = http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524646 }}</ref><ref name="Clarke">{{cite journal |vauthors=Clarke HD, Seigler DS, Ebinger JE | title = Taxonomic Revision of the ''Vachellia acuifera'' Species Group (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Caribbean | journal = [[Systematic Botany]] | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 84–101 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1600/036364409787602285| s2cid = 86066178 }}</ref><ref name="WorldWideWattle">{{cite web | url = http://www.worldwidewattle.com/speciesgallery/home.php | title = List of ''Acacia sensu lato'' species | author = Maslin B | website = World Wide Wattle | access-date = 4 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="Kodela">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kodela PG, Wilson PG | title = New combinations in the genus ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Australia | journal = [[Telopea (journal)|Telopea]] | volume = 11 | issue = 2| pages = 233–244 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.7751/telopea20065723| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Ali SI. | year = 2014 | title = The Genus ''Acacia s.l.'' in Pakistan | journal = [[Pakistan Journal of Botany|Pak J Bot]] | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–4 | url = https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/46(1)/01.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Boatwright JS, Maurin O, van der Bank M | year = 2015 | title = Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of ''Acacia s.l.'' and new combinations in ''Senegalia'' and ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae) | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 179 | issue = 2 | pages = 288–294 | doi = 10.1111/boj.12320| doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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Of the 163 species currently assigned to ''Vachellia'', 52 are native to the [[Americas]], 83 to [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]] and the [[Mascarene Islands]], 32 to [[Asia]] and 9 to [[Australia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]].<ref name=thiel>{{cite journal | author = Thiele KR. | title = The controversy over the retypification of ''Acacia'' <small>Mill.</small> with an Australian type: A pragmatic view | journal = [[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] | year = 2011 | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 194–198 | url = http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_pragm.pdf | jstor = 41059833}}</ref> |
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{{div col|colwidth=300px}} |
{{div col|colwidth=300px}} |
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* ''[[Vachellia abyssinica]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia abyssinica]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—flat top acacia |
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** subsp. ''abyssinica'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''abyssinica'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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** subsp. ''calophylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''calophylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia acuifera]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bahama |
* ''[[Vachellia acuifera]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bahama acacia, cassip, pork-and-doughboy, (''Bahamas'') rosewood |
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* ''[[Vachellia albicortata]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia albicortata]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia allenii]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Allen |
* ''[[Vachellia allenii]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Allen acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia amythethophylla]]'' <small>(Steud. ex A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia amythethophylla]]'' <small>(Steud. ex A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia ancistroclada]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia ancistroclada]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia anegadensis]]'' <small>(Britton) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Anegada |
* ''[[Vachellia anegadensis]]'' <small>(Britton) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Anegada acacia, blackbrush-wattle, pokemeboy |
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* ''[[Vachellia antunesii]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia antunesii]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—sand acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia aroma]]'' <small>(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia aroma]]'' <small>(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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** [[Vachellia aroma var. aroma|var. ''aroma'']] <small>Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.</small> |
** [[Vachellia aroma var. aroma|var. ''aroma'']] <small>Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia barahonensis]]'' <small>(Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia barahonensis]]'' <small>(Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bavazzanoi]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia bavazzanoi]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia |
* ''[[Vachellia belairioides]]'' <small>(Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bellair acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia bellula]]'' <small>(Drake) Boatwr.</small><ref name="Malagasy">{{cite journal | authors = Boatwright JS, Maurin O, van der Bank M. | year = 2015 | title = Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of ''Acacia s.l.'' and new combinations in ''Senegalia'' and ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae) | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 179 | issue = 2 | pages = 288–294 | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12320/abstract | doi = 10.1111/boj.12320}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Vachellia biaciculata]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia biaciculata]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bidwillii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kodela</small>—corkwood wattle, dogwood. "'Waneu', of the aboriginals of Central Queensland ; 'Yadthor', of those of the Cloncurry River, Northern Queensland."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maiden |first1=J. H. |author-link1=Joseph Maiden |title=The Useful Native Plants of Australia (including Tasmania) |date=1889 |publisher=Turner and Henderson |location=Sydney |page=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45057#page/21/mode/1up 3]}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bidwillii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood Wattle, Dogwood |
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* ''[[Vachellia bilimekii]]'' <small>(J. Macbr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia bilimekii]]'' <small>(J. Macbr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bolei]]'' (<small>R.P. Subhedar</small>) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin<ref>{{cite journal | author = Maslin BR. | year = 2014 | title = ''Vachellia bolei'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), the correct name for a species from India | journal = [[Nuytsia (journal)|Nuytsia]] | volume = 24 | pages = 21–22 | url = https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/science/nuytsia/708.pdf}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Vachellia |
* ''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—sticky acacia, named for the collector [[Jeanne M. Borle]]. |
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* ''[[Vachellia brandegeana]]'' <small>(I. M. Johnst.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Baja California acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia bravoensis]]'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia bravoensis]]'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bricchettiana]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia bricchettiana]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bucheri]]'' <small>(Marie-Victorín) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bucher |
* ''[[Vachellia bucheri]]'' <small>(Marie-Victorín) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bucher acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia bullockii]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia bullockii]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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** var. ''bullockii'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''bullockii'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia bussei]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia bussei]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia californica]]'' <small>(Brandegee) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia californica]]'' <small>(Brandegee) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia campechiana]]'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia campechiana]]'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—boatthorn acacia, spoon-thorn acacia |
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** f. ''campechiana'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** f. ''campechiana'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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** f. ''houghii'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** f. ''houghii'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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** [[Vachellia caven var. stenocarpa|var. ''stenocarpa '']] <small>(Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** [[Vachellia caven var. stenocarpa|var. ''stenocarpa '']] <small>(Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia cernua]]'' <small>(Thulin & Hassan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia cernua]]'' <small>(Thulin & Hassan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia chiapensis]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Chiapas |
* ''[[Vachellia chiapensis]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Chiapas acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia choriophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia choriophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—cinnecord acacia, Florida acacia, (''Bahamas'') cinnecord |
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* ''[[Vachellia clarksoniana]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia clarksoniana]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small> |
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* ''[[Vachellia collinsii]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Collins |
* ''[[Vachellia collinsii]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Collins acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia constricta]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Whitethorn |
* ''[[Vachellia constricta]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Whitethorn acacia, Mescat acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia cookii]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cook |
* ''[[Vachellia cookii]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cook acacia, cockspur acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia cornigera]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia cornigera]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—bullhorn wattle, bull's-horn acacia, bull-horn thorn, oxhorn acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia cucuyo]]'' <small>(Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cucuyo |
* ''[[Vachellia cucuyo]]'' <small>(Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cucuyo acacia |
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* ''[[Vachellia curvifructa]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia curvifructa]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia daemon]]'' <small>(Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Camagüey |
* ''[[Vachellia daemon]]'' <small>(Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Camagüey acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' <small>(N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' <small>(N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—corky-bark acacia |
||
<!-- Vachellia densiflora was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. --> |
<!-- Vachellia densiflora was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia ditricha]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia ditricha]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia dolichocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia dolichocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia douglasica]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia douglasica]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—whistling thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia dyeri]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/> |
* ''[[Vachellia dyeri]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia eburnea]]'' <small>(L.f.) P. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia eburnea]]'' <small>(L.f.) P. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Ebutsini acacia |
* ''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' <small>(P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Ebutsini acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia edgeworthii]]'' <small>(T.Anders.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia edgeworthii]]'' <small>(T.Anders.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia elatior]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia elatior]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''elatior'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''elatior'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''turkanae'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''turkanae'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia erioloba]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia erioloba]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—camel thorn (''Kameeldoring'') |
||
* ''[[Vachellia erythrophloea]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia erythrophloea]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia etbaica]]'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia etbaica]]'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—savannah thorn |
||
** subsp. ''australis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''australis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''etbaica'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''etbaica'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''platycarpa'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''platycarpa'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''uncinata'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''uncinata'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—flaky-bark acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small>—huisache |
||
** [[Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana|var. ''farnesiana'']] <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small> |
** [[Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana|var. ''farnesiana'']] <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small> |
||
** var. ''guanacastensis'' <small>(H.D.Clarke ''et al''.) Wight & Arn.</small> |
** var. ''guanacastensis'' <small>(H.D.Clarke ''et al''.) Wight & Arn.</small> |
||
** var. ''minuta'' <small>(M.E.Jones) Wight & Arn.</small> |
** var. ''minuta'' <small>(M.E.Jones) Wight & Arn.</small> |
||
** var. ''pinetorum'' <small |
** var. ''pinetorum'' <small>(F.J.Herm.) Wight & Arn.</small>—pineland wattle |
||
* ''[[Vachellia fischeri]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia fischeri]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—flat-topped thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia flava]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia flava]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia gentlei]]'' <small>(Standley) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia gentlei]]'' <small>(Standley) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—gentle acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia gerrardii]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia gerrardii]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—red acacia |
||
** var. ''calvescens'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
** var. ''calvescens'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter</small> |
||
** var. ''gerrardii'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
** var. ''gerrardii'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter</small> |
||
** var. ''latisiliqua'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
** var. ''latisiliqua'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia glandulifera]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia glandulifera]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia globulifera]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia globulifera]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—globular acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]'' <small>(Gerstner) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]'' <small>(Gerstner) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—horned-thorn acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia guanacastensis]]'' <small>(Clark, Seigler, & Ebinger) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia guanacastensis]]'' <small>(Clark, Seigler, & Ebinger) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia gummifera]]'' <small>(Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia gummifera]]'' <small>(Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—gum-bearing acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' <small>(Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' <small>(Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—gray camel thorn, giraffe thorn<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web |url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |title=Protected Trees |date=3 May 2013 |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia harmandiana]]'' <small>(Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia harmandiana]]'' <small>(Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—candle-pod acacia |
||
** subsp. ''chobiensis'' <small>(O.B.Miller) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''chobiensis'' <small>(O.B.Miller) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''hebeclada'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''hebeclada'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''tristis'' <small>(A.Schreiber) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''tristis'' <small>(A.Schreiber) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia hindsii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Hinds |
* ''[[Vachellia hindsii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Hinds acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia hockii]]'' <small>(De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia hockii]]'' <small>(De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—long white-galled acacia |
||
** subsp. ''benadirensis'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''benadirensis'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''horrida'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''horrida'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia hydaspica]]'' <small>(J.R. Drumm. ex R. Parker) Ali</small> |
|||
* ''[[Vachellia inopinata]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia inopinata]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia insulae-iacobi]]'' <small>(L. Riley) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia insulae-iacobi]]'' <small>(L. Riley) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
<!-- Vachellia insularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. --> |
<!-- Vachellia insularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia |
* ''[[Vachellia jacquemontii]]'' (<small>Benth.</small>) ali—baonḷī, raati-banwali |
||
* ''[[Vachellia karroo]]'' <small>(Hayne) Banfi & Galasso</small>—Karroo Bush<ref name=wr1>Taxon in the ''V. karroo'' complex, see: {{cite web|last1=Roland |first1=Dr. Wolf-Achim |title=The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014 |url=http://www.acacia-world.net/index.php/africa-me/south-africa/the-vachellia-karroo-complex |website=Acacia World | |
* ''[[Vachellia janzenii]]'' <small>(Ebinger & Seigler) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Janzen acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia karroo]]'' <small>(Hayne) Banfi & Galasso</small>—Karroo Bush<ref name=wr1>Taxon in the ''V. karroo'' complex, see: {{cite web|last1=Roland |first1=Dr. Wolf-Achim |title=The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014 |url=http://www.acacia-world.net/index.php/africa-me/south-africa/the-vachellia-karroo-complex |website=Acacia World |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> |
|||
* ''[[Vachellia kingii]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia kingii]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia kirkii]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia kirkii]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—flood plain acacia |
||
** subsp. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
*** var. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
*** var. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
*** var. ''sublaevis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
*** var. ''sublaevis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''mildbraedii'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''mildbraedii'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia koltermanii]]'' <small>R. García, M. Mejía, Ebinger, & Seigler</small><ref name="García">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE | title = A new species of ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti | journal = Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45 | year = 2012 | url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | |
* ''[[Vachellia koltermanii]]'' <small>R. García, M. Mejía, Ebinger, & Seigler</small><ref name="García">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE | title = A new species of ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti | journal = Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45 | year = 2012 | url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160301230142/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2016-03-01 }}</ref> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw. ex Coates Palgr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/> |
* ''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw. ex Coates Palgr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—dune acacia, dune sweet-thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia lahai]]'' <small>(Steud. & Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia lahai]]'' <small>(Steud. & Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—red-thorn acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia lasiopetala]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia lasiopetala]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia latispina]]'' <small>(J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia latispina]]'' <small>(J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia leucophloea]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia leucophloea]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—pilang |
||
** var. ''leucophloea'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''leucophloea'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
** var. ''microcephala'' <small>(Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''microcephala'' <small>(Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia leucospira]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia leucospira]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia luederitzii]]'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia luederitzii]]'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—bastard umbrella thorn |
||
** var. ''luederitzii'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Kalahari-sand acacia |
** var. ''luederitzii'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Kalahari-sand acacia |
||
** var. ''retinens'' <small>(Sim) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''retinens'' <small>(Sim) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—balloon-thorn acacia |
||
<!-- Vachellia lutea was reclassified as Vachellia aroma and Vachellia macracantha. --> |
<!-- Vachellia lutea was reclassified as Vachellia aroma and Vachellia macracantha. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia macracantha]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia macracantha]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—longspine acacia, French casha, long-spine acacia, porknut, cambrón, long-spined acacia, (''Jamaica'') parknut, (''Virgin Islands'') wild tamarind, (''Netherlands Antilles'') Creole casha, Spanish casha, steel acacia, (''Virgin Islands'') stink casha, strink casha |
||
* ''[[Vachellia macrothyrsa]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia macrothyrsa]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia malacocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia malacocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—black-galled acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia mayana]]'' <small>(Lundell) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Maya Acacia |
* ''[[Vachellia mayana]]'' <small>(Lundell) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Maya Acacia |
||
<!-- Vachellia mbuluënsis is an alternative spelling of Vachellia mbuluensis. --> |
<!-- Vachellia mbuluënsis is an alternative spelling of Vachellia mbuluensis. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia mbuluensis]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia mbuluensis]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—hairy-galled acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia melanoceras]]'' <small>(Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia melanoceras]]'' <small>(Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—blackthorn acacia, bullhorn acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia montana]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia montana]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia myaingii]]'' <small>(Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia myaingii]]'' <small>(Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia myrmecophila]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Boatwr.</small |
* ''[[Vachellia myrmecophila]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/> |
* ''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—pale-bark acacia, pale-bark sweet thorn<!-- Vachellia natalitia may be a synonym of Vachellia karroo. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—water acacia, water thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia negrii]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia negrii]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
*''[[Vachellia nilotica]]'' <small>(L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
*''[[Vachellia nilotica]]'' <small>(L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small>—scented-pod acacia, gum Arabic tree, babul, Amrad gum, thorny mimosa of India |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. adstringens|subsp. ''adstringens'']] <small>(Schumach. & Thonn.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. adstringens|subsp. ''adstringens'']] <small>(Schumach. & Thonn.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis|subsp. ''cupressiformis'']] <small>(J.L.Stewart) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis|subsp. ''cupressiformis'']] <small>(J.L.Stewart) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. hemispherica|subsp. ''hemispherica'']] <small>(Ali & Faruqi) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. hemispherica|subsp. ''hemispherica'']] <small>(Ali & Faruqi) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica|subsp. ''indica'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>—Babul, Prickly acacia |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica|subsp. ''indica'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small>—Babul, Prickly acacia |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana|subsp. ''kraussiana'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana|subsp. ''kraussiana'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. leiocarpa|subsp. ''leiocarpa'']] <small>(Brenan) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. leiocarpa|subsp. ''leiocarpa'']] <small>(Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. nilotica|subsp. ''nilotica'']] <small>(L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. nilotica|subsp. ''nilotica'']] <small>(L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. subalata|subsp. ''subalata'']] <small>(Vatke) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. subalata|subsp. ''subalata'']] <small>(Vatke) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. tomentosa|subsp. ''tomentosa'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. tomentosa|subsp. ''tomentosa'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia nubica]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia nubica]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
<!-- Vachellia oeforta is a |
<!-- Vachellia oeforta is a misspelling of Vachellia oerfota. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia oerfota]]'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia oerfota]]'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** var. ''brevifolia'' <small>(Boulos) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''brevifolia'' <small>(Boulos) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** var. ''oerfota'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''oerfota'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia origena]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia origena]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Leolo |
* ''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' <small>(P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Leolo thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia oviedoensis]]'' <small>(R. García & M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia oviedoensis]]'' <small>(R. García & M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia pacensis]]'' <small>(Rudd & Carter) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia pacensis]]'' <small>(Rudd & Carter) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
Line 213: | Line 221: | ||
** subsp. ''paucijuga'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''paucijuga'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
<!-- Vachellia peninsularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. --> |
<!-- Vachellia peninsularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia pennatula]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia pennatula]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—feather acacia |
||
** var. ''parvicephala'' <small>Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''parvicephala'' <small>Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
** var. ''pennatula'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''pennatula'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—slender acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia pilispina]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia pilispina]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—mpande |
||
* ''[[Vachellia polypyrigenes]]'' <small>(Greenm.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia polypyrigenes]]'' <small>(Greenm.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia prasinata]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia prasinata]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia pringlei]]'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pringle |
* ''[[Vachellia pringlei]]'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pringle acacia |
||
** var. ''californica'' <small></small>—California Pringle acacia |
** var. ''californica'' <small></small>—California Pringle acacia |
||
** var. ''pringlei'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''pringlei'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—typical Pringle acacia |
||
<!-- Vachellia pseudoeburnea was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. --> |
<!-- Vachellia pseudoeburnea was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia pseudofistula]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia pseudofistula]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—ant-galled acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia qandalensis]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia qandalensis]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia quintanilhae]]'' <small>(Torre) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia quintanilhae]]'' <small>(Torre) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia reficiens]]'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia reficiens]]'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—red-bark acacia |
||
** subsp. ''misera'' <small>(Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''misera'' <small>(Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** subsp. ''reficiens'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''reficiens'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—silky acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia rigidula]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia rigidula]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—blackbrush acacia, blackbrush |
||
* ''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Sekhukhune acacia |
* ''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Sekhukhune acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia robusta]]'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia robusta]]'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—splendid acacia |
||
** subsp. ''clavigera'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''clavigera'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—river acacia |
||
** subsp. ''robusta'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''robusta'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—robust acacia |
||
** subsp. ''usambarensis'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** subsp. ''usambarensis'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
<!-- Vachellia roigi is a mispelling of Vachellia roigii. --> |
<!-- Vachellia roigi is a mispelling of Vachellia roigii. --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia roigii]]'' <small>(Léon) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roig |
* ''[[Vachellia roigii]]'' <small>(Léon) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roig acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia rorudiana]]'' <small>(Christopherson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Galapagos acacia |
* ''[[Vachellia rorudiana]]'' <small>(Christopherson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Galapagos acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia ruddiae]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Rudd |
* ''[[Vachellia ruddiae]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Rudd acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia |
* ''[[Vachellia schaffneri]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schaffner's wattle, twisted acacia |
||
** var. ''bravoensis'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''bravoensis'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
** var. ''schaffneri'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
** var. ''schaffneri'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia schottii]]'' <small>(Torr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schott's |
* ''[[Vachellia schottii]]'' <small>(Torr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schott's wattle |
||
* ''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sekhukhune thorn |
* ''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' <small>(P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sekhukhune thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia seyal]]'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia seyal]]'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—white whistling thorn |
||
** var. ''fistula'' <small>(Schweinf.) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
** var. ''fistula'' <small>(Schweinf.) P.J.H. Hurter</small> |
||
** var. ''seyal'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H.Hurter</small> |
** var. ''seyal'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H. Hurter</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia siamensis]]'' <small>(Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia siamensis]]'' <small>(Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia sieberiana]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia sieberiana]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—paperbark acacia, paperbark thorn |
||
** var. ''sieberiana'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''sieberiana'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** var. ''villosa'' <small>(A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''villosa'' <small>(A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** var. ''woodii'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''woodii'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia sphaerocephala]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia sphaerocephala]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—roundhead acacia, bee wattle |
||
* ''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—olive-barked thorn, vlei acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia suberosa]]'' <small>(A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Kodela</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia suberosa]]'' <small>(A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Kodela</small>—corkybark wattle |
||
* ''[[Vachellia sutherlandii]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Kodela</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia sutherlandii]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Kodela</small>—corkwood wattle |
||
* ''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Swazi |
* ''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Swazi acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—turf acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia tephrophylla]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia tephrophylla]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw.) Boatwr.</small |
* ''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw.) Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—slender mountain thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia tomentosa]]'' <small>(Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia tomentosa]]'' <small>(Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—klampis |
||
* ''[[Vachellia torrei]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Mozambique |
* ''[[Vachellia torrei]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Mozambique sticky thorn |
||
* ''[[Vachellia tortilis]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia tortilis]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small>—umbrella thorn, umbrella acacia |
||
** subsp. ''heteracantha'' <small>(Burch.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
** subsp. ''heteracantha'' <small>(Burch.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
||
** subsp. ''raddiana'' <small>(Savi) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
** subsp. ''raddiana'' <small>(Savi) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
||
Line 273: | Line 281: | ||
*** var. ''spirocarpa'' <small>(Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
*** var. ''spirocarpa'' <small>(Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
||
** subsp. ''tortilis'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
** subsp. ''tortilis'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia tortuosa]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia tortuosa]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—twisted acacia, acacia bush, casia, catclaw, Dutch casha, huisachillo, Rio Grande acacia, sweet briar, sweet-briar, wild poponax |
||
* ''[[Vachellia turnbulliana]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia turnbulliana]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—velvet pod acacia |
||
* ''[[Vachellia valida]]'' <small>(Tindale & Kodela) Kodela</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia valida]]'' <small>(Tindale & Kodela) Kodela</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia vernicosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia vernicosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—viscid acacia<!-- Vachellia neovernicosa? --> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia viguieri]]'' <small>(Villiers & Du Puy) Boatwr.</small |
* ''[[Vachellia viguieri]]'' <small>(Villiers & Du Puy) Boatwr.</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia villaregalis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia villaregalis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger</small> |
||
* ''[[Vachellia walwalensis]]'' <small>(Gilliland) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
* ''[[Vachellia walwalensis]]'' <small>(Gilliland) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
<!-- Vachellia wightii was reclassified as Vachellia bolei. --> |
|||
* ''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Fever tree |
|||
* ''[[Vachellia |
* ''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter</small>—fever tree |
||
* ''[[Vachellia zanzibarica]]'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—coastal whistling thorn |
|||
** var. ''microphylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''microphylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
** var. ''zanzibarica'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
** var. ''zanzibarica'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small> |
||
Line 290: | Line 299: | ||
==''Incertae sedis''== |
==''Incertae sedis''== |
||
These species are suspected to belong to ''Vachellia'', but have not been formally transferred.<ref name="WorldWideWattle" /> |
These species are suspected to belong to ''Vachellia'', but have not been formally transferred.<ref name="WorldWideWattle" /> |
||
* ''[[Acacia |
* ''[[Acacia callicoma]]'' <small>[[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]</small> |
||
* ''[[Acacia callicoma]]'' <small>Meisn.</small> |
|||
* ''[[Acacia harala]]'' <small>Thulin & Gifri</small> |
* ''[[Acacia harala]]'' <small>Thulin & Gifri</small> |
||
* ''[[Acacia hunteri]]'' <small>Oliv.</small> |
* ''[[Acacia hunteri]]'' <small>Oliv.</small> |
||
* ''[[Acacia hydaspica]]'' <small>J.R. Drumm. ex R. Parker</small> |
|||
* ''[[Acacia jacquemontii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>—Baonḷī, Raati-banwali |
|||
* ''[[Acacia johnwoodii]]'' <small>Boulos</small> |
* ''[[Acacia johnwoodii]]'' <small>Boulos</small> |
||
* ''[[Acacia planifrons]]'' <small>Koenig ex Wight & Arn.</small> |
* ''[[Acacia planifrons]]'' <small>Koenig ex Wight & Arn.</small> |
||
Line 315: | Line 321: | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q956173}} |
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{{taxonbar}} |
|||
[[Category:Vachellia| ]] |
[[Category:Vachellia| ]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]] |
Latest revision as of 14:56, 30 March 2024
Vachellia | |
---|---|
Vachellia farnesiana | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
Clade: | Mimosoid clade |
Genus: | Vachellia Wight & Arn. |
Type species | |
Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.
| |
Species | |
147; see text. | |
The original range of the genus Vachellia. Today it is also found in most Mediterranean countries. | |
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or acacias. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus Acacia until 2009.[2][3] Vachellia can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate inflorescences and spinescent stipules.[4] Before discovery of the New World, Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of Vachellia, which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans[clarification needed].[5]
The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant.[6] In parts of Africa, Vachellia species are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as gazelle, gerenuk, and giraffe. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory [clarification needed].[7]
Nomenclature[edit]
By 2005, taxonomists had decided that Acacia sensu lato should be split into at least five separate genera. The ICN dictated that under these circumstances, the name of Acacia should remain with the original type, which was Acacia nilotica.[1] However, that year the General Committee of the IBC decided that Acacia should be given a new type (Acacia verticillatum) so that the ~920 species of Australian acacias would not need to be renamed Racosperma. This decision was opposed by 54.9% or 247 representatives at its 2005 congress, while 45.1% or 203 votes were cast in favor. However, since a 60% vote was required to override the committee, the decision was carried, and a nom. cons. propositum was listed in Appendix III (p. 286).[8][9] The 2011 congress voted 373 to 172 to uphold the 2005 decision, which means that the name Acacia and a new type follow the majority of the species in Acacia sensu lato, rather than this genus.[10] However, some members of the botanical community remain unconvinced,[11] and the use of Acacia in the scientific literature continues to exceed the use of the new generic names.
Description[edit]
The members of Vachellia are trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, and are always armed. Younger plants, especially, are armed with spines which are modified stipules, situated near the leaf bases. Some (cf. V. tortilis, Vachellia hebeclada , V. luederitzii and V. reficiens) are also armed with paired, recurved prickles (in addition to the spines).[12] The leaves are alternate and bipinnately arranged, and their pinnae are usually opposite. The racemose inflorescences usually grow from the leaf axils. The yellow or creamy white flowers are produced in spherical heads, or seldom in elongate spikes, which is the general rule in the related genus Senegalia. The flowers are typically bisexual with numerous stamens, but unisexual flowers have been noted in V. nilotica (cf. Sinha, 1971).[13] The calyx and corolla are usually 4 to 5-lobed. Glands are usually present on the rachis and the upper side of the petiole. The seed pod may be straight, curved or curled, and either dehiscent or indehiscent.[12]
-
V. vernicosa, or "viscid acacia", in habitat, Far West Texas
-
V. vernicosa, detail of inflorescence
Species list[edit]
Of the 163 species currently assigned to Vachellia, 52 are native to the Americas, 83 to Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, 32 to Asia and 9 to Australia and the Pacific Islands.[14] Vachellia comprises the following species:[15][2][16][17][3][18][19][20][21]
- Vachellia abyssinica (Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—flat top acacia
- subsp. abyssinica (Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. calophylla (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia acuifera (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger—Bahama acacia, cassip, pork-and-doughboy, (Bahamas) rosewood
- Vachellia albicortata (Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia allenii (D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger—Allen acacia
- Vachellia amythethophylla (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia ancistroclada (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia anegadensis (Britton) Seigler & Ebinger—Anegada acacia, blackbrush-wattle, pokemeboy
- Vachellia antunesii (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia arenaria (Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.—sand acacia
- Vachellia aroma (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Seigler & Ebinger
- var. aroma Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- var. huarango Ruíz & J.Macbr.
- Vachellia astringens (Gillies in Hook. et Arn.) Speg.
- Vachellia baessleri Clarke, Siegler & Ebinger
- Vachellia barahonensis (Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia bavazzanoi (Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia belairioides (Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger—Bellair acacia
- Vachellia bellula (Drake) Boatwr.
- Vachellia biaciculata (S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia bidwillii (Benth.) Kodela—corkwood wattle, dogwood. "'Waneu', of the aboriginals of Central Queensland ; 'Yadthor', of those of the Cloncurry River, Northern Queensland."[22]
- Vachellia bilimekii (J. Macbr.) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia bolei (R.P. Subhedar) Ragupathy, Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin[23]
- Vachellia borleae (Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.—sticky acacia, named for the collector Jeanne M. Borle.
- Vachellia brandegeana (I. M. Johnst.) Seigler & Ebinger—Baja California acacia
- Vachellia bravoensis (Isely) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia bricchettiana (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia bucheri (Marie-Victorín) Seigler & Ebinger—Bucher acacia
- Vachellia bullockii (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. bullockii (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. induta (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia burttii (Bak. f.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia bussei (Harms ex Sjöstedt) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia californica (Brandegee) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia campechiana (Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger—boatthorn acacia, spoon-thorn acacia
- f. campechiana (Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger
- f. houghii (Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia caurina (Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler & Ebinger
- var. caven (Molina) Seigler & Ebinger
- var. dehiscens (Ciald.) Seigler & Ebinger
- var. microcarpa (Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger
- var. stenocarpa (Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia cernua (Thulin & Hassan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia chiapensis (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger—Chiapas acacia
- Vachellia choriophylla (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger—cinnecord acacia, Florida acacia, (Bahamas) cinnecord
- Vachellia clarksoniana (Pedley) Kodela
- Vachellia collinsii (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger—Collins acacia
- Vachellia constricta (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger—Whitethorn acacia, Mescat acacia
- Vachellia cookii (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger—Cook acacia, cockspur acacia
- Vachellia cornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger—bullhorn wattle, bull's-horn acacia, bull-horn thorn, oxhorn acacia
- Vachellia cucuyo (Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger—Cucuyo acacia
- Vachellia curvifructa (Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia daemon (Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger—Camagüey acacia
- Vachellia davyi (N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—corky-bark acacia
- Vachellia ditricha (Pedley) Kodela
- Vachellia dolichocephala (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia douglasica (Pedley) Kodela
- Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H. Hurter—whistling thorn
- Vachellia dyeri (P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.[24]
- Vachellia eburnea (L.f.) P. Hurter & Mabb.
- Vachellia ebutsiniorum (P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.—Ebutsini acacia
- Vachellia edgeworthii (T.Anders.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia elatior (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. elatior (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. turkanae (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia erioloba (E.Mey.) P.J.H. Hurter—camel thorn (Kameeldoring)
- Vachellia erythrophloea (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—savannah thorn
- subsp. australis (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. platycarpa (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. uncinata (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia exuvialis (Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.—flaky-bark acacia
- Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.—huisache
- var. farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.
- var. guanacastensis (H.D.Clarke et al.) Wight & Arn.
- var. minuta (M.E.Jones) Wight & Arn.
- var. pinetorum (F.J.Herm.) Wight & Arn.—pineland wattle
- Vachellia fischeri (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.—flat-topped thorn
- Vachellia flava (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia gentlei (Standley) Seigler & Ebinger—gentle acacia
- Vachellia gerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter—red acacia
- var. calvescens (Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter
- var. gerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter
- var. latisiliqua (Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter
- Vachellia glandulifera (S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia globulifera (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger—globular acacia
- Vachellia grandicornuta (Gerstner) Seigler & Ebinger—horned-thorn acacia
- Vachellia guanacastensis (Clark, Seigler, & Ebinger) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia gummifera (Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—gum-bearing acacia
- Vachellia haematoxylon (Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger—gray camel thorn, giraffe thorn[25]
- Vachellia harmandiana (Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia hebeclada (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—candle-pod acacia
- subsp. chobiensis (O.B.Miller) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. hebeclada (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. tristis (A.Schreiber) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia hindsii (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger—Hinds acacia
- Vachellia hockii (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia horrida (L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—long white-galled acacia
- subsp. benadirensis (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. horrida (L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia hydaspica (J.R. Drumm. ex R. Parker) Ali
- Vachellia inopinata (Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia insulae-iacobi (L. Riley) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia jacquemontii (Benth.) ali—baonḷī, raati-banwali
- Vachellia janzenii (Ebinger & Seigler) Seigler & Ebinger—Janzen acacia
- Vachellia karroo (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso—Karroo Bush[24]
- Vachellia kingii (Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—flood plain acacia
- subsp. kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. sublaevis (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. mildbraedii (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia koltermanii R. García, M. Mejía, Ebinger, & Seigler[26]
- Vachellia kosiensis (P.P.Sw. ex Coates Palgr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.[24]—dune acacia, dune sweet-thorn
- Vachellia lahai (Steud. & Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—red-thorn acacia
- Vachellia lasiopetala (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia latispina (J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger—pilang
- var. leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- var. microcephala (Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia leucospira (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia luederitzii (Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—bastard umbrella thorn
- var. luederitzii (Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—Kalahari-sand acacia
- var. retinens (Sim) Kyal. & Boatwr.—balloon-thorn acacia
- Vachellia macracantha (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger—longspine acacia, French casha, long-spine acacia, porknut, cambrón, long-spined acacia, (Jamaica) parknut, (Virgin Islands) wild tamarind, (Netherlands Antilles) Creole casha, Spanish casha, steel acacia, (Virgin Islands) stink casha, strink casha
- Vachellia macrothyrsa (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia malacocephala (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.—black-galled acacia
- Vachellia mayana (Lundell) Seigler & Ebinger—Maya Acacia
- Vachellia mbuluensis (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.—hairy-galled acacia
- Vachellia melanoceras (Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger—blackthorn acacia, bullhorn acacia
- Vachellia montana (P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia myaingii (Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia myrmecophila (R.Vig.) Boatwr.
- Vachellia natalitia (E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.[24]—pale-bark acacia, pale-bark sweet thorn
- Vachellia nebrownii (Burtt Davy) Seigler & Ebinger—water acacia, water thorn
- Vachellia negrii (Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.—scented-pod acacia, gum Arabic tree, babul, Amrad gum, thorny mimosa of India
- subsp. adstringens (Schumach. & Thonn.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. cupressiformis (J.L.Stewart) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. hemispherica (Ali & Faruqi) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. indica (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.—Babul, Prickly acacia
- subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. leiocarpa (Brenan) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. subalata (Vatke) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- subsp. tomentosa (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.
- Vachellia nubica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia oerfota (Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. brevifolia (Boulos) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. oerfota (Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia origena (Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia ormocarpoides (P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.—Leolo thorn
- Vachellia oviedoensis (R. García & M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia pacensis (Rudd & Carter) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia pachyphloia (W. Fitzg.) Kodela
- subsp. brevipinnula (Tindale & Kodela) Kodela
- subsp. pachyphloia (W. Fitzg.) Kodela
- Vachellia pallidifolia (Tindale) Kodela
- Vachellia paolii (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. paolii (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. paucijuga (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger—feather acacia
- var. parvicephala Seigler & Ebinger
- var. pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia permixta (Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.—slender acacia
- Vachellia pilispina (Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.—mpande
- Vachellia polypyrigenes (Greenm.) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia prasinata (Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia pringlei (Rose) Seigler & Ebinger—Pringle acacia
- var. californica —California Pringle acacia
- var. pringlei (Rose) Seigler & Ebinger—typical Pringle acacia
- Vachellia pseudofistula (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.—ant-galled acacia
- Vachellia qandalensis (Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia quintanilhae (Torre) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia reficiens (Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.—red-bark acacia
- subsp. misera (Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- subsp. reficiens (Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia rehmanniana (Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.—silky acacia
- Vachellia rigidula (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger—blackbrush acacia, blackbrush
- Vachellia robbertsei (P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.[24]—Sekhukhune acacia
- Vachellia robusta (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—splendid acacia
- subsp. clavigera (E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—river acacia
- subsp. robusta (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—robust acacia
- subsp. usambarensis (Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia roigii (Léon) Seigler & Ebinger—Roig acacia
- Vachellia rorudiana (Christopherson) Seigler & Ebinger—Galapagos acacia
- Vachellia ruddiae (D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger—Rudd acacia
- Vachellia schaffneri (S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger—Schaffner's wattle, twisted acacia
- var. bravoensis (Isely) Seigler & Ebinger
- var. schaffneri (S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia schottii (Torr.) Seigler & Ebinger—Schott's wattle
- Vachellia sekhukhuniensis (P.J.H. Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.—Sekhukhune thorn
- Vachellia seyal (Delile) P.J.H. Hurter—white whistling thorn
- var. fistula (Schweinf.) P.J.H. Hurter
- var. seyal (Delile) P.J.H. Hurter
- Vachellia siamensis (Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—paperbark acacia, paperbark thorn
- var. sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. villosa (A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia sphaerocephala (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger—roundhead acacia, bee wattle
- Vachellia stuhlmannii (Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.—olive-barked thorn, vlei acacia
- Vachellia suberosa (A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Kodela—corkybark wattle
- Vachellia sutherlandii (F. Muell.) Kodela—corkwood wattle
- Vachellia swazica (Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.—Swazi acacia
- Vachellia tenuispina (Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.—turf acacia
- Vachellia tephrophylla (Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia theronii (P.P.Sw.) Boatwr.[24]—slender mountain thorn
- Vachellia tomentosa (Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger—klampis
- Vachellia torrei (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.—Mozambique sticky thorn
- Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi—umbrella thorn, umbrella acacia
- subsp. heteracantha (Burch.) Galasso & Banfi
- subsp. raddiana (Savi) Galasso & Banfi
- var. pubescens (A.Chev.) Galasso & Banfi
- var. raddiana (Savi) Galasso & Banfi
- subsp. spirocarpa (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi
- var. crinita (Chiov.) Galasso & Banfi
- var. spirocarpa (Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi
- subsp. tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi
- Vachellia tortuosa (L.) Seigler & Ebinger—twisted acacia, acacia bush, casia, catclaw, Dutch casha, huisachillo, Rio Grande acacia, sweet briar, sweet-briar, wild poponax
- Vachellia turnbulliana (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.—velvet pod acacia
- Vachellia valida (Tindale & Kodela) Kodela
- Vachellia vernicosa (Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger—viscid acacia
- Vachellia viguieri (Villiers & Du Puy) Boatwr.
- Vachellia villaregalis (McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia walwalensis (Gilliland) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter—fever tree
- Vachellia zanzibarica (S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.—coastal whistling thorn
- var. microphylla (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- var. zanzibarica (S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.
- Vachellia zapatensis (Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger
Incertae sedis[edit]
These species are suspected to belong to Vachellia, but have not been formally transferred.[18]
- Acacia callicoma Meisn.
- Acacia harala Thulin & Gifri
- Acacia hunteri Oliv.
- Acacia johnwoodii Boulos
- Acacia planifrons Koenig ex Wight & Arn.
- Acacia pseudo-eburnea J.R. Drumm. ex Dunn
- Acacia tanjorensis Ragup., Thoth. & Mahad.
- Acacia yemenensis Boulos
Hybrids[edit]
- Vachellia × cedilloi (Rico Arce) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia campechiana × pennatula
- Vachellia erioloba × haematoxylon
- Vachellia × gladiata (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger
- Vachellia kirkii × seyal
- Vachellia macracantha × pennatula
- Vachellia seyal var. fistula × xanthophloea
- Vachellia × standleyi (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger
References[edit]
- ^ a b Maslin, B. R.; Orchard, A. E.; West, J. G. "Nomenclatural and classification history of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), and the implications of generic subdivision" (PDF). worldwidewattle.com. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- ^ a b Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M (2013). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047.
- ^ a b Clarke HD, Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2009). "Taxonomic Revision of the Vachellia acuifera Species Group (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Caribbean". Systematic Botany. 34 (1): 84–101. doi:10.1600/036364409787602285. S2CID 86066178.
- ^ Dyer C. (2014). "New names for the African Acacia species in Vachellia and Senegalia". Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science. 76 (4): iii. doi:10.2989/20702620.2014.980090.
- ^ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida ethnobotany Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona: with more than 500 species illustrated by Penelope N. Honychurch ... [et al.] Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9780203491881.
- ^ Shorrocks, Bryan; Bates, William (2014). The Biology of African Savannahs (Biology of Habitats Series ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 231–233. ISBN 978-0198702702.
- ^ Chidumayo, Emmanuel N.; Gumbo, Davison J. (2010). The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 9781136531378.
- ^ Corder, Hugh; Glazewski, Jan; Bleazard, Janice (2009). A Rose is a Rose but is an 'Acacia' an 'Acacia'? Global administrative law: development and innovation. Cape Town: Juta. ISBN 9780702181900.
- ^ Moore, Gerry; Smith, Gideon F.; Figueiredo, Estrela; Demissew, Sebsebe; Lewis, Gwilym; Schrire, Brian; Rico, Lourdes; van Wyk, Abraham E.; Luckow, Melissa; Kiesling, Roberto; Sousa, Mario (June 2011). "The Acacia controversy resulting from minority rule at the Vienna Nomenclature Section: Much more than arcane arguments and complex technicalities" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (3): 852–857. doi:10.1002/tax.603017. hdl:2263/17167. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "The Acacia debate" (PDF). IBC2011 Congress News. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
- ^ "Conserving Acacia Mill. with a conserved type: What happened in Melbourne?" (PDF). Taxon. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
- ^ a b Hyde, Mark; et al. "3446.000 Acacia Mill.—Thorn trees". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ "Handbook on seeds of dry-zone acacias, 3. Reproductive biology". fao.org. FAO Corporate Document Repository: Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ Thiele KR. (2011). "The controversy over the retypification of Acacia Mill. with an Australian type: A pragmatic view" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (1): 194–198. doi:10.1002/tax.601017. JSTOR 41059833.
- ^ Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2005). "New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World". Phytologia. 87 (3): 139–78.
- ^ Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2010). "New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)" (PDF). Phytologia. 92 (1): 92–95.
- ^ Maslin BR, Seigler DS, Ebinger J (2013). "New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China". Blumea. 58 (1): 39–44. doi:10.3767/000651913X669914.
- ^ a b Maslin B. "List of Acacia sensu lato species". World Wide Wattle. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Kodela PG, Wilson PG (2006). "New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Australia". Telopea. 11 (2): 233–244. doi:10.7751/telopea20065723.
- ^ Ali SI. (2014). "The Genus Acacia s.l. in Pakistan" (PDF). Pak J Bot. 46 (1): 1–4.
- ^ Boatwright JS, Maurin O, van der Bank M (2015). "Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of Acacia s.l. and new combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae)". Bot J Linn Soc. 179 (2): 288–294. doi:10.1111/boj.12320.
- ^ Maiden, J. H. (1889). The Useful Native Plants of Australia (including Tasmania). Sydney: Turner and Henderson. p. 3.
- ^ Maslin BR. (2014). "Vachellia bolei (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), the correct name for a species from India" (PDF). Nuytsia. 24: 21–22.
- ^ a b c d e f Taxon in the V. karroo complex, see: Roland, Dr. Wolf-Achim. "The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014". Acacia World. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
- ^ Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE (2012). "A new species of Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 6 (1): 45. Archived from the original on 2016-03-01.