Vilcashuamán: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Archaeological site in Peru}} |
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[[File:Willkawaman cathedral.jpg|thumb|Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Sun Temple]] |
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'''Vilcashuamán''' ({{lang-qu|Willkawaman}}, "Holy Hawk") is the capital of [[Vilcas Huamán Province]], [[Peru]]. It is located at an altitude of 3,490 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It is located on an ancient archaeological site. |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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Vilcashuamán was an Inca administrative center, established after the Incas conquered the [[Chancas]] and the [[Pocras]]. According to chroniclers, Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people. The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed. Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the Ushnu, which remain to this day. It is believed that the city had the shape of a falcon, in which the Ushnu was located in the head. |
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<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> |
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| name = Vilcashuamán |
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| native_name = Willka Waman ([[Quechua languages|Quechua]]) |
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| settlement_type = Town |
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| image_skyline = Ayacucho54719.jpg |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Temple of the Sun |
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| pushpin_map = Peru |
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| coordinates = {{coord|-13.65311|-73.95396|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = Peru |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Regional circumscriptions of Peru|Region]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Ayacucho region|Ayacucho]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Vilcas Huamán Province|Vilcas Huamán]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = |
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| subdivision_name3 = |
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| established_title = |
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| established_date = |
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| founder = |
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| seat_type = |
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| seat = |
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| government_footnotes = |
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| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_note = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 3,490 |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_as_of = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| timezone1 = |
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> |
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}} |
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'''Vilcashuamán''' or '''Vilcasguaman''' (from [[Quechua language|Quechua]] '''Willka Waman''', "sacred hawk") is the capital of [[Vilcas Huamán Province]], [[Ayacucho region]], [[Peru]]. It is located at an altitude of 3,490 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It is located on an ancient archaeological site. |
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Vilcashuamán was an Inca administrative center, established after the Incas conquered the [[Chancas]] and the [[Pocras]]. According to the Chronicler [[Pedro Cieza de León]], Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people.<ref name="cieza2">Cieza de León, Pedro (2005 [1553]). Crónica del Perú - El señorío de los Incas - edited by Franklin Pease G.Y. - Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho - Caracas - Venezuela {{ISBN| 980-276-395-0}}</ref>{{Rp|235}} The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed, usually camelids or [[libation]] of [[chicha|corn wine]]. Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the [[Ushnu]] which remain to this day. It is believed that the city had the shape of a falcon, in which the Ushnu was located in the head. |
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The Ushnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double door jamb, characteristic of the most important compounds. In its upper platform is a large stone with unique carvings that is known as the Seat of the Inca (Asiento del Inca); it is believed to have once been covered with gold leaf. |
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[[File:Vilcashuamán 02 - Ayacucho - Perú.jpg |thumb| The Vilcashuamán Usnu seen form the East side with the entrance gate and the stairway]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Peru]] |
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The Ushnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double doorjamb, characteristic of the most important compounds. In its upper platform is a large stone with unique carvings that is known as the Seat of the Inca (Asiento del Inca); this seat, according to Cieza de León, was once covered with gold leaf.<ref name="cieza2"/>{{Rp|233}} |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Peru]] |
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[[Category:Inca archaeological sites]] |
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==Climate== |
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[[es:Vilcashuamán]] |
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[[fr:Vilcashuaman]] |
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{{Weather box|width=auto |
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[[it:Vilcas Huamán]] |
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|metric first=y |
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[[lt:Vilkasuamanas]] |
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|single line=y |
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[[pl:Vilcas Huamán]] |
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|collapsed = Y |
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[[qu:Willkawaman]] |
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|location = Vilcashuamán (elevation {{convert|3518|m|ft|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals) |
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[[ru:Вилькасуаман]] |
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|Jan high C = 17.5 |
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[[war:Vilcashuamán]] |
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|Feb high C = 17.5 |
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|Mar high C = 17.2 |
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|Apr high C = 17.5 |
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|May high C = 17.8 |
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|Jun high C = 17.4 |
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|Jul high C = 17.1 |
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|Aug high C = 17.7 |
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|Sep high C = 17.9 |
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|Oct high C = 18.9 |
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|Nov high C = 19.5 |
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|Dec high C = 18.3 |
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|year high C = |
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|Jan low C = 5.5 |
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|Feb low C = 5.6 |
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|Mar low C = 5.6 |
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|Apr low C = 4.3 |
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|May low C = 1.5 |
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|Jun low C = 0.5 |
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|Jul low C = 0.1 |
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|Aug low C = 1.2 |
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|Sep low C = 3.0 |
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|Oct low C = 3.4 |
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|Nov low C = 4.0 |
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|Dec low C = 5.2 |
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|year low C = |
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|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = 150.7 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = 154.7 |
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|Mar precipitation mm = 120.1 |
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|Apr precipitation mm = 37.3 |
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|May precipitation mm = 10.9 |
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|Jun precipitation mm = 5.5 |
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|Jul precipitation mm = 7.6 |
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|Aug precipitation mm = 13.5 |
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|Sep precipitation mm = 21.8 |
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|Oct precipitation mm = 31.7 |
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|Nov precipitation mm = 49.8 |
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|Dec precipitation mm = 102.2 |
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|year precipitation mm = |
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|source 1 = National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru<ref name = SENAMHI>{{cite web |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230821192714/https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=normales-estaciones |
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| archive-date = 21 August 2023 |
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| url = https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=normales-estaciones |
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| title = Normales Climaticás Estándares y Medias 1991-2020 |
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| publisher=National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru |
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| access-date = 6 November 2023}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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{{Archaeological sites in Peru}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vilcashuaman}} |
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[[Category:Populated places in the Ayacucho Region]] |
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[[Category:Temples of Inti]] |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Peru]] |
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[[Category:Inca Empire]] |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Ayacucho Region]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:36, 5 November 2023
Vilcashuamán
Willka Waman (Quechua) | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Temple of the Sun | |
  Vilcashuamán | |
| Coordinates: 13°39′11″S 73°57′14″W / 13.65311°S 73.95396°W | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Ayacucho |
| Province | Vilcas Huamán |
| Elevation | 3,490 m (11,450 ft) |
Vilcashuamán or Vilcasguaman (from Quechua Willka Waman, "sacred hawk") is the capital of Vilcas Huamán Province, Ayacucho region, Peru. It is located at an altitude of 3,490 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It is located on an ancient archaeological site.
Vilcashuamán was an Inca administrative center, established after the Incas conquered the Chancas and the Pocras. According to the Chronicler Pedro Cieza de León, Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people.[1]: 235 The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed, usually camelids or libation of corn wine. Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the Ushnu which remain to this day. It is believed that the city had the shape of a falcon, in which the Ushnu was located in the head.
The Ushnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double doorjamb, characteristic of the most important compounds. In its upper platform is a large stone with unique carvings that is known as the Seat of the Inca (Asiento del Inca); this seat, according to Cieza de León, was once covered with gold leaf.[1]: 233
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Vilcashuamán (elevation 3,518 m (11,542 ft), 1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.9 (64.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
0.5 (32.9) |
0.1 (32.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
3.3 (38.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 150.7 (5.93) |
154.7 (6.09) |
120.1 (4.73) |
37.3 (1.47) |
10.9 (0.43) |
5.5 (0.22) |
7.6 (0.30) |
13.5 (0.53) |
21.8 (0.86) |
31.7 (1.25) |
49.8 (1.96) |
102.2 (4.02) |
705.8 (27.79) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru[2] | |||||||||||||
References[edit]
- ^ a b Cieza de León, Pedro (2005 [1553]). Crónica del Perú - El señorío de los Incas - edited by Franklin Pease G.Y. - Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho - Caracas - Venezuela ISBN 980-276-395-0
- ^ "Normales Climaticás Estándares y Medias 1991-2020". National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
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