Vilcashuamán: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 13°39′11″S 73°57′14″W / 13.65311°S 73.95396°W / -13.65311; -73.95396
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{{short description|Archaeological site in Peru}}

{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Vilcashuamán
| name = Vilcashuamán
| native_name = Willkawaman ([[Quechua languages|Quechua]])
| native_name = Willka Waman ([[Quechua languages|Quechua]])
| settlement_type = Town
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Willkawaman cathedral.jpg
| image_skyline = Ayacucho54719.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Temple of the Sun
| image_caption = Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Temple of the Sun
| pushpin_map = Peru
| pushpin_map = Peru
| coordinates = {{coord|-13.65311|-73.95396|display=inline,title}}
| latd = -13.65311
| longd = -73.95396
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = Peru
| subdivision_name = Peru
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regional circumscriptions of Peru|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Vilcas Huamán Province|Vilcas Huamán]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ayacucho region|Ayacucho]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vilcas Huamán Province|Vilcas Huamán]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
Line 55: Line 55:
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Vilcashuamán''' ({{lang-qu|Willkawaman}}, "sacred hawk") is the capital of [[Vilcas Huamán Province]], [[Peru]]. It is located at an altitude of 3,490 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It is located on an ancient archaeological site.
'''Vilcashuamán''' or '''Vilcasguaman''' (from [[Quechua language|Quechua]] '''Willka Waman''', "sacred hawk") is the capital of [[Vilcas Huamán Province]], [[Ayacucho region]], [[Peru]]. It is located at an altitude of 3,490 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It is located on an ancient archaeological site.

⚫
Vilcashuamán was an Inca administrative center, established after the Incas conquered the [[Chancas]] and the [[Pocras]]. According to the Chronicler [[Pedro Cieza de León]], Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people.<ref name="cieza2">Cieza de León, Pedro (2005 [1553]). Crónica del Perú - El señorío de los Incas - edited by Franklin Pease G.Y. - Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho - Caracas - Venezuela {{ISBN| 980-276-395-0}}</ref>{{Rp|235}} The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed, usually camelids or [[libation]] of [[chicha|corn wine]]. Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the [[Ushnu]] which remain to this day. It is believed that the city had the shape of a falcon, in which the Ushnu was located in the head.

[[File:Vilcashuamán 02 - Ayacucho - Perú.jpg |thumb| The Vilcashuamán Usnu seen form the East side with the entrance gate and the stairway]]
⚫
The Ushnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double doorjamb, characteristic of the most important compounds. In its upper platform is a large stone with unique carvings that is known as the Seat of the Inca (Asiento del Inca); this seat, according to Cieza de León, was once covered with gold leaf.<ref name="cieza2"/>{{Rp|233}}

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Vilcashuamán (elevation {{convert|3518|m|ft|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals)
|Jan high C = 17.5
|Feb high C = 17.5
|Mar high C = 17.2
|Apr high C = 17.5
|May high C = 17.8
|Jun high C = 17.4
|Jul high C = 17.1
|Aug high C = 17.7
|Sep high C = 17.9
|Oct high C = 18.9
|Nov high C = 19.5
|Dec high C = 18.3
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 5.5
|Feb low C = 5.6
|Mar low C = 5.6
|Apr low C = 4.3
|May low C = 1.5
|Jun low C = 0.5
|Jul low C = 0.1
|Aug low C = 1.2
|Sep low C = 3.0
|Oct low C = 3.4
|Nov low C = 4.0
|Dec low C = 5.2
|year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 150.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 154.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 120.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 37.3
|May precipitation mm = 10.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 5.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 7.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 13.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 21.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 31.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 49.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 102.2
|year precipitation mm =
|source 1 = National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru<ref name = SENAMHI>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230821192714/https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=normales-estaciones
| archive-date = 21 August 2023
| url = https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=normales-estaciones
| title = Normales Climaticás Estándares y Medias 1991-2020
| publisher=National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru
| access-date = 6 November 2023}}</ref>
}}


==References==
⚫
Vilcashuamán was an Inca administrative center, established after the Incas conquered the [[Chancas]] and the [[Pocras]]. According to chroniclers, Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people. The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed. Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the [[Usnu, Ayacucho|Usnu]] which remain to this day. It is believed that the city had the shape of a falcon, in which the Usnu was located in the head.
<references/>


⚫
The Usnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double doorjamb, characteristic of the most important compounds. In its upper platform is a large stone with unique carvings that is known as the Seat of the Inca (Asiento del Inca); it is believed to have once been covered with gold leaf.


{{Archaeological sites in Peru}}
{{Archaeological sites in Peru}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Vilcashuaman}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vilcashuaman}}
[[Category:Populated places in the Ayacucho Region]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Ayacucho Region]]
[[Category:Temples of Inti]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Peru]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Peru]]
[[Category:Inca Empire]]
[[Category:Inca Empire]]

Latest revision as of 20:36, 5 November 2023

Vilcashuamán
Willka Waman (Quechua)
Town
Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Temple of the Sun
Vilcashuamán Cathedral and the Temple of the Sun
Vilcashuamán is located in Peru
Vilcashuamán
Vilcashuamán
Coordinates: 13°39′11″S 73°57′14″W / 13.65311°S 73.95396°W / -13.65311; -73.95396
CountryPeru
RegionAyacucho
ProvinceVilcas Huamán
Elevation
3,490 m (11,450 ft)

Vilcashuamán or Vilcasguaman (from Quechua Willka Waman, "sacred hawk") is the capital of Vilcas Huamán Province, Ayacucho region, Peru. It is located at an altitude of 3,490 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It is located on an ancient archaeological site.

Vilcashuamán was an Inca administrative center, established after the Incas conquered the Chancas and the Pocras. According to the Chronicler Pedro Cieza de León, Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people.[1]: 235  The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed, usually camelids or libation of corn wine. Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the Ushnu which remain to this day. It is believed that the city had the shape of a falcon, in which the Ushnu was located in the head.

The Vilcashuamán Usnu seen form the East side with the entrance gate and the stairway

The Ushnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double doorjamb, characteristic of the most important compounds. In its upper platform is a large stone with unique carvings that is known as the Seat of the Inca (Asiento del Inca); this seat, according to Cieza de León, was once covered with gold leaf.[1]: 233 

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Vilcashuamán (elevation 3,518 m (11,542 ft), 1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		17.2
(63.0) 		17.5
(63.5) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		17.1
(62.8) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.5
(67.1) 		18.3
(64.9) 		17.9
(64.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9) 		5.6
(42.1) 		5.6
(42.1) 		4.3
(39.7) 		1.5
(34.7) 		0.5
(32.9) 		0.1
(32.2) 		1.2
(34.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		3.4
(38.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		5.2
(41.4) 		3.3
(38.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 150.7
(5.93) 		154.7
(6.09) 		120.1
(4.73) 		37.3
(1.47) 		10.9
(0.43) 		5.5
(0.22) 		7.6
(0.30) 		13.5
(0.53) 		21.8
(0.86) 		31.7
(1.25) 		49.8
(1.96) 		102.2
(4.02) 		705.8
(27.79)
Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Cieza de León, Pedro (2005 [1553]). Crónica del Perú - El señorío de los Incas - edited by Franklin Pease G.Y. - Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho - Caracas - Venezuela ISBN 980-276-395-0
  2. ^ "Normales Climaticás Estándares y Medias 1991-2020". National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.


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