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'''William Van Mildert''' (6 November 1765 &ndash; 21 February 1836) was the last [[County Palatine|palatine]] bishop or [[prince-bishop]] as [[Bishop of Durham]] (1826&ndash;1836), and one of the founders of the [[Durham University|University of Durham]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Van Mildert papers |url=http://reed.dur.ac.uk/xtf/view?docId=ead/ecc/vanmildt.xml|publisher=Durham University |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref> His name survives in [[Van Mildert College]], founded in 1965 and the [[Van Mildert Professor of Divinity]].
'''William Van Mildert''' (6 November 1765 &ndash; 21 February 1836) was the [[bishop of Durham]] (1826&ndash;1836), and the last to rule the [[County Palatine of Durham|county palatine of Durham]]. He was also one of the founders of the [[Durham University|University of Durham]], where he is commemorated in the names of [[Van Mildert College]], founded in 1965, and the [[Van Mildert Professor of Divinity]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Van Mildert papers |url=http://reed.dur.ac.uk/xtf/view?docId=ead/ecc/vanmildt.xml|publisher=Durham University |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
He was the son of Cornelius van Mildert, a gin distiller, and his wife Martha née Hill. Cornelius Van Mildert was the great-grandson of an [[Amsterdam]] merchant who migrated to [[London]] around 1670, Martha the daughter of William Hill of Vauxhall, Surrey, merchant and financier. William van Mildert was educated at [[St Saviour's Grammar School]], [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]] (then in London) and [[the Queen's College, Oxford]]. Loosely attached to the high church party, he was appointed [[Bishop of Llandaff]] from 1819 to 1826, a post which he held [[in commendam]] with the [[Deanery of St Paul's]] between 1820 and 1826, when he was translated to Durham. Prior to this, he was in 1790 the curate of Witham, Essex, where he met Jane (1760-1837), daughter of [[Archibald Douglas (1707–1778)|General Douglas]], whom he married in 1795.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Van Mildert Papers|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/11740476-64d7-3029-87f4-bc34fc811e83|access-date=29 Oct 2020|website=Archives Hub}}</ref> He became rector of the church of [[St. Mary-le-Bow]] in London and Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford, where he gave the [[Bampton Lectures]] for [https://archive.org/details/inquiryintogener00vanm ''1814'']. Van Mildert is often described as a 'stormy petrel' on account of his outspoken expression of his views. As Bishop of Llandaff he broke with the practice of his predecessors and actually resided in the diocese. As the bishop's palace had fallen to ruin, he rented Coldbrook House near Abergavenny. During his time in Llandaff, he gained a reputation as "a conscientious diocesan".<ref name="ODNB" />
He was the son of Cornelius van Mildert, a gin distiller, and his wife Martha née Hill. Cornelius Van Mildert was the great-grandson of an [[Amsterdam]] merchant who migrated to [[London]] around 1670, Martha the daughter of William Hill of Vauxhall, Surrey, merchant and financier. William van Mildert was educated at [[St Saviour's Grammar School]] and [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]]. He matriculated at [[the Queen's College, Oxford]] in 1784, graduating [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] 1787, [[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)|M.A.]] 1790, [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] & [[Doctor of Divinity|D.D.]] 1813. He delivered the [[Boyle Lectures]] in 1804 and the [[Bampton Lectures]] in [https://archive.org/details/inquiryintogener00vanm ''1814''], and was [[Regius Professor of Divinity]] at Oxford and a canon of [[Christ Church, Oxford]] from 1813 to 1820.<ref>{{alox2|title=Mildert, William Van}}</ref>
Loosely attached to the high church party, he was appointed [[Bishop of Llandaff]] from 1819 to 1826, a post which he held [[in commendam]] with the [[Deanery of St Paul's]] between 1820 and 1826, when he was translated to Durham. Prior to this, he was in 1790 the curate of Witham, Essex, where he met Jane (1760-1837), daughter of [[Archibald Douglas (1707–1778)|General Douglas]], whom he married in 1795.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Van Mildert Papers|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/11740476-64d7-3029-87f4-bc34fc811e83|access-date=29 Oct 2020|website=Archives Hub}}</ref> He became rector of the church of [[St. Mary-le-Bow]] in London in 1796. Van Mildert is often described as a 'stormy petrel' on account of his outspoken expression of his views. As Bishop of Llandaff he broke with the practice of his predecessors and actually resided in the diocese. As the bishop's palace had fallen to ruin, he rented Coldbrook House near Abergavenny. During his time in Llandaff, he gained a reputation as "a conscientious diocesan".<ref name="ODNB" />


As part of the University of Durham's foundation, behind which he was the driving force, he gave [[Durham Castle]] to the university, where it became the home of [[University College, Durham|University College]]. [[Auckland Castle]] therefore became the sole residence of the Bishop of Durham. In addition, he donated a large number of buildings on [[Palace Green]], between the Castle and the Cathedral. These are currently in use by various departments of the university (principally law, music and a small portion of the University Library).
As part of the University of Durham's foundation, behind which he was the driving force, he gave [[Durham Castle]] to the university, where it became the home of [[University College, Durham|University College]]. [[Auckland Castle]] therefore became the sole residence of the Bishop of Durham. In addition, he donated a large number of buildings on [[Palace Green]], between the Castle and the Cathedral. These are currently in use by various departments of the university (principally law, music and a small portion of the University Library).


In 1833, he gave 5 acres of land and a lot previously used as a burial pit during the [[1826–1837 cholera pandemic|1831 Cholera Outbreak]] to the town of [[Stockton-on-Tees|Stockton]]. Using funds allocated during the [[Commissioners' church|Commissioners' church Act of 1818]], he ordered the construction of the [[Gothic Revival architecture|gothic]] style [[Trinity Green|Holy Trinity Church]]. This site is now in ruin, and is a [[Grade II* listed building]] in the park of [[Trinity Green]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Church of the Holy Trinity, Stockton-on-Tees {{!}} Co-Curate |url=https://co-curate.ncl.ac.uk/church-of-the-holy-trinity-stockton-on-tees/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=co-curate.ncl.ac.uk}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=History of Stockton-on-Tees - England's North East |url=https://englandsnortheast.co.uk/stockton/ |access-date=2023-02-28 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Holy Trinity Church {{!}} Stockton Heritage |url=https://heritage.stockton.gov.uk/articles/buildings/holy-trinity-church/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930055927/https://heritage.stockton.gov.uk/articles/buildings/holy-trinity-church/ |archive-date=30 September 2022 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=heritage.stockton.gov.uk}}</ref> Van Mildert had a substantial library, sold at auction by Wheatley in London on 15 June 1836 (and nine following days), comprising 2138 lots; a copy of the catalogue is held at Cambridge University Library (shelfmark Munby.c.153(11)).
⚫
Van Mildert was the last Bishop of Durham with [[Liberty of Durham|significant temporal powers]] as a [[County Palatine of Durham|Palatinate Prince-Bishop]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philanthropynortheast.com/the-philanthropists/van-mildert-bishop-william |title=Van Mildert, Bishop William |date=11 July 2017 |publisher=Today |access-date=5 November 2019 }}</ref> Those ''[[de jure]]'' vestiges of feudal jurisprudence were removed and returned to the Crown after his death in 1836 by the [[Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836]].<ref>{{cite book |date=1836 |title=The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk34britgoog |quote=bishop of durham temporal Powers by Palatine Act 1836. |publisher=His Majesty's Statute and Law Printers|page=[https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk34britgoog/page/n164 130]}}</ref>

⚫
Van Mildert was the last Bishop of Durham with [[Liberty of Durham|significant temporal powers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philanthropynortheast.com/the-philanthropists/van-mildert-bishop-william |title=Van Mildert, Bishop William |date=11 July 2017 |publisher=Today |access-date=5 November 2019 }}</ref> Those ''[[de jure]]'' vestiges of feudal jurisprudence were removed and returned to the Crown after his death in 1836 by the [[Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836]].<ref>{{cite book |date=1836 |title=The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk34britgoog |quote=bishop of durham temporal Powers by Palatine Act 1836. |publisher=His Majesty's Statute and Law Printers|page=[https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk34britgoog/page/n164 130]}}</ref>


In truth, most of the secular power of the Bishop of Durham had already been removed by that time. The [[Great Reform Act 1832]] saw the removal of most of the Prince Bishop's powers although he maintained a seat in the [[House of Lords]] and The [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]] gave the governing power of the town of Durham to an elected body.<ref>{{cite book |title=Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places |date = 28 October 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ&q=William+Van+Mildert++Last+of+the+Prince+Bishops+Palatinate+act+1836&pg=PA240 |publisher=Routledge|page=240 |isbn=978-1884964015 |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>
In truth, most of the secular power of the bishop of Durham had already been removed by that time. The [[Great Reform Act 1832]] saw the removal of most of the bishop's powers — although he maintained a seat in the [[House of Lords]] — and the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]] had given the governing power of the town of Durham to an elected body.<ref>{{cite book |title=Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places |date = 28 October 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ&q=William+Van+Mildert++Last+of+the+Prince+Bishops+Palatinate+act+1836&pg=PA240 |publisher=Routledge|page=240 |isbn=978-1884964015 |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
* ''An Inquiry Into the General Principles of Scripture Interpretation''
* ''An Inquiry Into the General Principles of Scripture Interpretation''
* ''One plain Argument to prove that Christianity could not be of human invention. Extracted from the “Boyle's Lectures” of the Bishop of Durham'', 1831


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:28, 26 March 2024

The Right Reverend

William Van Mildert

Bishop of Durham
Portrait by Thomas Lawrence
DioceseDiocese of Durham
In office1826–1836 (death)
PredecessorShute Barrington
SuccessorEdward Maltby
Other post(s)Bishop of Llandaff (1819–1826)
Dean of St Paul's (1820–1826)
Personal details
Born(1765-11-06)6 November 1765
Blackman Street, London[1]
Died21 February 1836(1836-02-21) (aged 70)
Auckland Castle[1]
BuriedDurham Cathedral[1]
NationalityBritish
DenominationAnglican
SpouseJane Douglas (m.1795)[1]
ProfessionChurch of England
EducationMerchant Taylors' School[1]
Alma materThe Queen's College, Oxford[1]

William Van Mildert (6 November 1765 – 21 February 1836) was the bishop of Durham (1826–1836), and the last to rule the county palatine of Durham. He was also one of the founders of the University of Durham, where he is commemorated in the names of Van Mildert College, founded in 1965, and the Van Mildert Professor of Divinity.[2]

Life

He was the son of Cornelius van Mildert, a gin distiller, and his wife Martha née Hill. Cornelius Van Mildert was the great-grandson of an Amsterdam merchant who migrated to London around 1670, Martha the daughter of William Hill of Vauxhall, Surrey, merchant and financier. William van Mildert was educated at St Saviour's Grammar School and Merchant Taylors' School. He matriculated at the Queen's College, Oxford in 1784, graduating B.A. 1787, M.A. 1790, B.D. & D.D. 1813. He delivered the Boyle Lectures in 1804 and the Bampton Lectures in 1814, and was Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford and a canon of Christ Church, Oxford from 1813 to 1820.[3]

Loosely attached to the high church party, he was appointed Bishop of Llandaff from 1819 to 1826, a post which he held in commendam with the Deanery of St Paul's between 1820 and 1826, when he was translated to Durham. Prior to this, he was in 1790 the curate of Witham, Essex, where he met Jane (1760-1837), daughter of General Douglas, whom he married in 1795.[4] He became rector of the church of St. Mary-le-Bow in London in 1796. Van Mildert is often described as a 'stormy petrel' on account of his outspoken expression of his views. As Bishop of Llandaff he broke with the practice of his predecessors and actually resided in the diocese. As the bishop's palace had fallen to ruin, he rented Coldbrook House near Abergavenny. During his time in Llandaff, he gained a reputation as "a conscientious diocesan".[1]

As part of the University of Durham's foundation, behind which he was the driving force, he gave Durham Castle to the university, where it became the home of University College. Auckland Castle therefore became the sole residence of the Bishop of Durham. In addition, he donated a large number of buildings on Palace Green, between the Castle and the Cathedral. These are currently in use by various departments of the university (principally law, music and a small portion of the University Library).

In 1833, he gave 5 acres of land and a lot previously used as a burial pit during the 1831 Cholera Outbreak to the town of Stockton. Using funds allocated during the Commissioners' church Act of 1818, he ordered the construction of the gothic style Holy Trinity Church. This site is now in ruin, and is a Grade II* listed building in the park of Trinity Green.[5][6][7] Van Mildert had a substantial library, sold at auction by Wheatley in London on 15 June 1836 (and nine following days), comprising 2138 lots; a copy of the catalogue is held at Cambridge University Library (shelfmark Munby.c.153(11)).

Van Mildert was the last Bishop of Durham with significant temporal powers.[8] Those de jure vestiges of feudal jurisprudence were removed and returned to the Crown after his death in 1836 by the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836.[9]

In truth, most of the secular power of the bishop of Durham had already been removed by that time. The Great Reform Act 1832 saw the removal of most of the bishop's powers — although he maintained a seat in the House of Lords — and the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 had given the governing power of the town of Durham to an elected body.[10]

Works

  • An Inquiry Into the General Principles of Scripture Interpretation
  • One plain Argument to prove that Christianity could not be of human invention. Extracted from the “Boyle's Lectures” of the Bishop of Durham, 1831

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Varley, Elizabeth (2007) [2004]. "Mildert, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28096. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ "Van Mildert papers". Durham University. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  3. ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Mildert, William Van" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
  4. ^ "Van Mildert Papers". Archives Hub. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Church of the Holy Trinity, Stockton-on-Tees | Co-Curate". co-curate.ncl.ac.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  6. ^ "History of Stockton-on-Tees - England's North East". 30 June 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  7. ^ "Holy Trinity Church | Stockton Heritage". heritage.stockton.gov.uk. 2023. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Van Mildert, Bishop William". Today. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  9. ^ The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. His Majesty's Statute and Law Printers. 1836. p. 130. bishop of durham temporal Powers by Palatine Act 1836.
  10. ^ Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. 28 October 2013. p. 240. ISBN 978-1884964015. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
Academic offices
Preceded by Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford
1813–1820 		Succeeded by
Church of England titles
Preceded by Bishop of Llandaff
1819–1826 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Dean of St Paul's
1820–1826
Preceded by Bishop of Durham
1826–1836 		Succeeded by
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