Étienne Barbette

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Étienne Barbette (* around 1250; † December 19, 1321 in Paris) played an important role at the beginning of the 13th century in the Paris administration and in the environment of King Philip IV of France .

As a citizen of Paris, he received the office of Voyer de Paris , became Échevin in 1293 and was then Prévôt des marchands from 1298 to 1304 and from 1314 to 1318 . He also became Maître des monnaies Philip IV and his financial advisor. His role in the king's coin manipulation made him extremely unpopular and led to revolts and in 1306 to the looting of his homes.

His biography shows several historical developments in France in the 13th and 14th centuries: the economic and political power of the bourgeoisie, its alliance with the royal power, the structuring of the state with the increasing role of Conseillers , as well as confirmation of Paris as the capital of the kingdom.

The Barbette family

Étienne Barbette (II.) Was born around 1250 as the son of Étienne Barbette (I), † 1269, and Agnès; his grandfather Simon Barbette, † 1256, was Prévôt de Paris . After the death of his father, a close family connection was established between the rich Parisian families Barbette and Sarrazin: first his mother married Jean Sarrazin, since 1270 chamberlain of the king, who was the son of Jean Sarrazin (I.). In return, Étienne Barbette married Pernelle Sarrazin, his stepfather's daughter. Both son Jean Barbette became Échevin, their daughter Alice married Jean Sarrazin the younger.

The children of Étienne Barbette and Pernelle Sarrazin were:

  • Agnes Barbette; ∞ Jean Arrode , Prud'homme 1302–1305, son of Jean Arrode, Panetier du Roi
  • Jean Barbette (II.), Prud'homme 1293–1305, Échevin 1314
  • Alice Barbette, † 1293; ∞? Jean Sarrazin, Valet du Roi, Prud'homme 1297, Èchevin 1298–1304, son of NN Sarrazin and Jeanne Pizdoue

In the 13th century, the Barbette family created extensive real estate holdings, and Étienne enlarged them significantly. He had inherited a house from his father at 14-16 rue de la Barre du Bec, now rue du Temple. Around 1300 he built a house on a piece of land that he owned beyond the walls of King Philip II in the former swamps - the Hôtel Barbette .

Voyer de Paris

Louis IX had given the task of the Voyer de Paris to Jean Sarrazin (II.), his chamberlain, for life, who passed it on to Étienne Barbette, his son-in-law. King Philip III determined in July 1275 that his secretary Pierre des Essarts should take over the office after Etienne's death. This office was an important source of income for the owner, including Étienne Barbette.

Prévôt des marchands

Stained glass in the parish hall of the Paris City Hall, with the coat of arms of Étienne Barbettes

In 1293 he was appointed Échevin, then in 1298 as the successor to Guillaume Bourdon for the first time elected to the Prévot des marchands.

After the destructive floods of 1296 and 1306, Philip IV issued a letter of 9 June 1312 to the Prévôt des marchands, at that time Guillaume Pizdoue (II), the order to build a stone quay. After Pizdoué not complied with the order, the King clarified this arrangement on 23 May 1313 and ordered the quay along the Left Bank to the de Tour Nesle as part of the fortification, especially at the Hôtel de Nesle past that belonged to the king, to build. This oldest part of the Parisian bank fortification is now the Quai des Grands Augustins and its extension, the Quai de Conti . Étienne Barbette was re-elected Prévôt des marchands for the years 1314 to 1321, so that most of the construction work fell to him.

On June 1, 1314, in the Palais de la Cité , he promised Philip and his advisor Enguerrand de Marigny , on behalf of the citizenry, to help Paris finance the war in Flanders.

Maître des monnaies du Roi

Étienne Barbette was one of the king's advisers and kept close to Enguerrand de Marigny.

On December 30, 1306, the crowd, dissatisfied with the tripling of rents due to the introduction of the new hard currency, looted the houses of Étienne Barbette, including the Hôtel Barbette. Then the crowd moved on to the temple where the king was staying and besieged him there. On December 31, the leaders of the previous day's riot were arrested. Twenty-eight were sentenced to death and hanged from trees outside the city gates on January 5, 1307.

Remarks

  1. ↑ This means that he had lived in Paris for at least “a year and a day”
  2. ↑ The Voyer de Paris was the holder of an office created by King Louis VII of France in the 12th century to administer the streets, at the same time ensuring the judiciary and regulating the commercial use of the roads and the rights of the city of Paris captured.
  3. ↑ Favier (2012)
  4. ↑ Chadych, p. 333
  5. ↑ Boris Bove (2004), p. 304; Cazelles, p. 415

literature

  • Philippe Morel, Une famille de la Bourgeoisie parisienne au XIIIe et au XIVe siècle, Les Barbette , in: Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, pp. 39-54, H. Champion , 1972-1973
  • Boris Bove, Y at-il un patriciat à Paris sous le règne de Philippe le Bel (1285–1314)? Construction, reproduction et représentation des patriciats urbains de l'Antiquité à nos jours , 1998, France. Pp. 47-63, 1999
  • Boris Bove, Dominer la ville: Prévôts des marchands et échevins Parisiens de 1260 à 1350 , Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 2004, p. 304
  • Boris Bove, Alliance ou défiance? Les ambiguïtés de la politique des Capétiens envers leur capitale, XIIe – XVIIe siècles , Publications de la Sorbonne, 2005, pp. 131–154.
  • Raymond Cazelles , Paris de Philippe Auguste à Charles V , 1994, p. 415
  • Jean Favier , Les Bourgeois de Paris au Moyen-Age , Ed. Tallandier, 2012, Coll. Texto, 2015
  • Danielle Chadych, Le Marais, Évolution d'un paysage urbain , Parigramme, 2005 ISBN 2-84096-188-1
personal data
SURNAME Barbette, Etienne
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Parisian merchant, Prévôt des marchands
DATE OF BIRTH around 1250
DATE OF DEATH December 19, 1321
Place of death Paris