Oil exit
As oil exit is called economic policy decision on the promotion and the import and consumption of petroleum to dispense. Although crude oil is the most important raw material in industrialized countries, it causes various, sometimes serious, environmental problems .
reasons
An important reason for an oil phase-out is to prevent serious global climate change . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that the global energy supply be restructured quickly and fundamentally. The oil must therefore disappear from the global " energy mix ".
If the two-degree target is to be achieved with a probability of more than 50%, according to data from the IPCC, a maximum of between 870 and 1,240 gigatons (billion tons) of carbon dioxide may be released between 2011 and 2050 . Converted to the reserves, this means that in the global context around a third of the oil reserves, half of the natural gas reserves and more than 80% of the coal reserves must not be burned.
According to a roadmap published in Science in 2017 , the burning of crude oil must cease worldwide by around 2040 in order to comply with the climate protection targets set internationally in the Paris Agreement .
Investors
The Rockefeller Brothers Fund has announced that it will exit oil-related businesses. As part of a so-called divest invest movement, many institutions and individuals also declare that they are ready to take fossil fuels out of their portfolios.
countries
As the only country in the world so far, Sweden is in the process of pulling out of oil: By 2020, Sweden wants to be independent not only of crude oil, but also of other 'fossil fuels' (see → Swedish oil phase out ).
Norway passed a regulation in 2017 that bans oil heating from 2020. Users who previously had oil heating had to switch to more environmentally friendly heating systems such as B. switch to heat pump heating or district heating . A large number of Norwegian buildings will be heated electrically as early as 2017. Norway's electricity supply is almost entirely based on hydropower .
method
The consumption of crude oil can be further reduced in various ways, in addition to the conversion of heating oil systems - for the purpose of heating buildings and generating hot water. Consumption of single-use products made from petroleum-based plastics can be restricted by prohibiting or taxing the consumption. In Germany, for example, the per capita consumption of plastic bags fell from 85 to 24 per year between 2000 and 2018. In New York City, certain products (e.g., disposable tableware) made from polystyrene have been banned since July 2015. Further measures include the implementation of the traffic turnaround .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Grzanna: Land in Smog - Air Pollution in China. Süddeutsche.de, May 29, 2014; accessed on January 10, 2015
- ^ Susanne Schwarz: Working group three publishes results. World Climate Report 2014, April 13, 2014; accessed on January 10, 2015
- ↑ Christophe McGlade, Paul Ekins: The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 ° C. In: Nature , Volume 517, 2015, pp. 187-190, doi: 10.1038 / nature14016 .
- ^ Johan Rockström et al .: A roadmap for rapid decarbonization . In: Science . tape 355 , no. 6331 , 2017, p. 1269-1271 , doi : 10.1126 / science.aah3443 .
- ↑ Roland Lindner: U-turn - The Rockefellers swear off the oil. FAZ.de, September 23, 2014; accessed on January 10, 2015
- ↑ forbud mot bruk av mineralolje til oppvarming av bygninger fra 2020 vedtatt . Norwegian Government website, June 29, 2018; accessed on February 20, 2020
- ↑ Norway prohibits oil heating . In: Deutschlandfunk , June 15, 2017; accessed on June 16, 2017.
- ↑ Infographic: Plastic bag discontinued model? Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
- ^ De Blasio Administration Bans Single-Use Styrofoam Products in New York City Beginning July 1, 2015 . City of New York