Örnen (ship, 1897)
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 The Örnen |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Torpedo cruiser |
| Shipyard | |
| Keel laying | 1895 |
| Launch | August 6, 1896 |
| Namesake | the eagle |
| Commissioning | May 12, 1897 |
| Decommissioning | June 13, 1947 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
800 t, maximum 846 t |
| length |
69.0 m over everything |
| width |
8.2 m |
| Draft |
3.2 m |
| crew |
104–112 men |
| drive |
4 cylinder boilers , |
| speed |
19.5 kn |
| Range |
1200 nm at 12 kn |
| Armament |
2 × 12 cm L / 45 M94 Bofors cannons |
| Coal supply |
130 t |
The Örnen , put into service in 1897, was the first torpedo cruiser (Swedish Torpedkryssare) that the Swedish fleet received. She was the lead ship of five boats of this class. The boats that were acquired as torpedo cruisers at the end of the 19th century were small and, with a rigid bow tube, had an insignificant torpedo armament. In outward appearance, they were similar to the English torpedo cannon boats.
In 1926 the Örnen became a training ship and still served as a guard ship in the Swedish fleet during World War II .
Building history
The Örnen was built on the Lindholmens Varv in Gothenburg . She and her sisters were supposed to protect the armored ships of the Swedish Navy from attacks with torpedo boats. They were therefore almost pure artillery boats and no priority torpedo carriers. Her two 12 cm L / 45 Bofors M.94 rapid fire guns with protective shields and a range of 9 km and a rate of fire of up to 10 rounds per minute were on the foredeck and quarterdeck. In swallow nests next to the front chimney and behind the second chimney were four 5.7 cm L / 55 Maxim Nordenfeldt rapid-fire guns with a range of 5 km and a rate of fire of over 20 rounds per minute. In the bow the boats still had a 38.1 cm underwater torpedo tube. The armor of the Örnen consisted of a 19 mm thick armored deck made of normal steel.
The two triple expansion machines supplied by Motala , the main owner of the Lindholmens shipyard, generated a total of 4,000 hp, and four cylinder boilers at Örnen generated the necessary steam . Only the replicas received eight small water-tube boilers that had actually been designed for torpedo boats .
Mission history
The Örnen came into service on May 4, 1897 as the first "cruiser" of the Swedish Navy . The new boat was presented at a world fair for art and industry in Stockholm in 1897. It became apparent early on that the type developed was not up to the requirements, as the torpedo boats were considerably faster. From 1902 the Swedish Navy introduced destroyers initially procured in England for the intended tasks .
In December 1905 the Örnen was sent to Riga to protect Swedish citizens from the revolutionary unrest. During the First World War , the Örnen was used as a guard ship.
The relatively unfavorable consumption values of the boat led to its shutdown and transfer to the fleet reserve in 1922. In 1926 the Örnen came back into service as a training ship. In 1928, from August 25 to September 13, she accompanied the U-Boot Division with the boats Uttern , Bävern , Hajen and Valrossen from Karlskrona through the Kiel Canal to Dunkirk , San Sebastian and Bilbao and back.
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In 1929 she made a voyage from the Naval War School to Vyborg, Finland , with the sister ship Psilander and the old 105 t torpedo boats Castor , Rigel and Regulus of the Pleiad class . In 1934 this trip was repeated, with the Vega replacing the Castor . The most prominent graduate of the sea officer examination among the cadets of the Örnen this year was Prince Bertil , the third son of the Swedish crown prince.
With the beginning of the Second World War , like the still existing sister ship Jacob Bagge , she was again used as a guard ship in order to prevent encroachments by the belligerent powers.
In 1942, both boats received two 25 mm L / 58 M32 twin flak in the aft position and surrendered the four 5.7 cm guns.
On June 16, 1947, the two boats that were left alone were finally decommissioned. The Örnen was still used as a target and sunk in 1950.
The Örnen- class torpedo cruisers
| Surname | Shipyard | Launch | In service from | Final fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Örnen | Lindholmen , Gothenburg | August 6, 1896 | May 4, 1897 | June 16, 1947 a. D., sunk in 1950 as a target ship |
| Claes Horn | Lindbergs , Stockholm | February 9, 1898 | August 1898 | December 1923 a. D. |
| Jacob Bagge | Kockums , Malmo | April 30, 1898 | November 1898 | June 1947 a. D., scrapped in 1951 |
| Psilander | Bergsunds , Finnboda Varv | November 25, 1899 | July 1900 | July 1937 a. D., sunk as a target ship on August 3, 1939 |
| Claes Uggla | Bergsunds, Stockholm | December 9, 1899 | November 1900 | Accumulated June 22, 1917, sunk on August 30, 1917 |
literature
- Alexander Bredt (Hrsg.): Weyer's pocket book of the war fleets. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich, 35th year 1941.
- B. Weyer: Taschenbuch der Kriegsflotten. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1905.
- Per Insulander, Curt Borgenstam, Bertil Åhlund: Kryssare: med Svenska flottans kryssare under 75 år. CB Marine Literature, ISBN 9789197070065 .
Web links
- The Örnen class
- The wreck of the Örnen with two more pictures
- The Örnen after their completion
- The Örnen before the renovation
- Örnen after the conversion to a training ship
- Aircraft mother ship DRISTIGHETEN and ÖRNEN after 1929
- Långresor och utlandsbesök med svenska örlogsfartyg mellan 1837 - 2005 (Swedish)
Footnotes
- ↑ Weyer 1905, p. 95
- ↑ Svenska Hjalpexpeditions till Ryssland (PDF; 19.9 MB) IDUN, December 14, 1905, p. 642
- ↑ revolutionen i Ostersjöländera (PDF; 17.1 MB) IDUN, December 21, 1905, p. 650