Şemsi Pasha Mosque
The Şemsi Pasha Mosque ( Turkish Şemsi Paşa Camii ) is a mosque in Istanbul . It was built by the court architect Sinan during the time of the Ottoman Empire .
location
The mosque is located on the Asian bank of the Bosporus in the Istanbul district of Üsküdar at the ferry port.
history
The builder Şemsi Pasha was the son of an Ottoman princess and the sanjak - Bey of Bolu . After her father's death, Şemsi grew up in the palace. He was the sultan's falconer, head of the hunt and Agha of the cavalry troops . During this time he also became a close confidante of the ruler. In the 1550s and 1560s he was Beylerbey of the provinces of Damascus, Anatolia and Rumelia . In the 1570s, Şemsi Pascha retired, which he spent like many dignitaries in Üsküdar, where he had lived before. Here he lived in a small palace on the opposite bank of Topkapı Palace .
The mosque was probably planned in 1579 by the Ottoman court architect Sinan. An inscription on the mosque indicates the completion date as the Muslim year 988 (1580/81). To mosque complex also includes a madrassah with Hadithenschule (Dârülhadis) and the mausoleum of the founder.
After the complex had long been neglected and the portico , minaret and surrounding walls collapsed, the complex was restored between 1938 and 1940 under the architect Süreyya Yücel. The madrasah was expanded into a library in 1953 with minor changes.
architecture
The mosque complex is located directly on the banks of the Bosphorus. The rectangular mosque with a dome is slightly inclined to the coastline, with the adjacent mausoleum of the donor built directly behind the mosque. The inner courtyard with garden is lined on two sides by an L-shaped medrese. On the third side, the mosque delimits the courtyard and a wall towards the bank. The enclosing walls have two gates: one in the north and one in the west to the banks of the Bosporus. To the north of the garden there is a small cemetery where the pasha's descendants were buried.
The mosque with an almost square floor plan has a portico in the northwest and southwest and an arcade is in front of the medrese , although it is somewhat smaller and more closed than the portico of the mosque. The portico and arcade are covered by a wooden roof. Narrow round pillars with diamond capitals support the keel arches . A single minaret with a surrounding balcony rises above the northwest corner of the mosque. The entrance to the mosque sits as a marble portal in the northwest wall. The prayer hall is crowned by a dome around 8.2 meters in diameter. The transition to the dome is set by four trumpets in an octagonal drum with four arched windows. The prayer hall has nine casement windows - two on each side and a third in the southwest wall. Each wing is crowned by an arched window with glass of a different color, and a circular window sits above the mihrāb . The marble mihrāb has a muqarnas canopy. Muqarnas carvings have also been used to highlight the trumpet arches. The wooden minbar is a modern replacement.
The doorway of the Şemsi Ahmed is connected to the main building and separated inside by a bronze grille. The room is spanned by a mirror vault. It has three casement windows facing the Bosphorus and above that nine windows on three walls adorned with colored glass. You enter the mausoleum from the outside via the north-west side. The decoration inside is limited to the stalactite carvings on the portal and a painting of the mirror vault with floral and geometric motifs. Although the inscription on the portal was lost, plaques were preserved in the prayer hall above the archway. Türbe, mosque and medrese are made of stone. The outer walls of the medrese were built with alternating layers of brick and red bricks.
The L-shaped madrasah has twelve vaulted cells and a large classroom. In front of the building is an arcade with nineteen columns. The 14 square meter square classroom is in the middle of the west wing and protrudes over the cells. It is surmounted by a dome with an octagonal drum supported by trumpets. There are six windows on three walls of the classroom, and on the west wall there is a stove and two shelves. Each living cell has two windows, a stove and one or two shelving niches. The arcades were enlarged during the restoration in 1940 and the medrese was refurbished in 1953 to accommodate a library in which the classroom was used as a reading room. An additional room with a toilet is attached to the end of the south wing.
gallery
Medrese with banded south wall
The Şemsi Pasha Mosque as seen from the Bosphorus
Prayer hall of the mosque
Türbe from the outside
Central dome of the mosque with trumpets and windows in the drum
Türbe with sarcophagus of Şemsi Ahmed Pasha
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literature
- Hans G. Egli: Sinan: An interpretation . Ege Yayınları, Istanbul 1995, pp. 138-140
- Aptullah Kuran: Mimar Sinan . Hürriyet Vakıf Yayınları, Istanbul 1986, pp. 193–196
- Gülbin Gültekin: Semsi Pasa Külliyesi . In: Dünden Bugüne Istanbul Ansiklopedisi . Tarih Vakfi, Istanbul 1994, Volume VII, p. 158 f.
- Metin Sözen: Sinan: Architect of the Ages . Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul 1988, pp. 312-315
- John Freely: A History of Ottoman Architecture . Witpress, Boston 2011, pp. 279 f.
Web links
- Şemsi Ahmet Paşa Camii , Archnet
- Photos of the mosque , pbase.com
Individual evidence
- ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, ISBN 1-86189-244-6 , pp. 377-384, here pp. 492 f.
- ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, pp. 495 f.
- ↑ Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Picture dictionary on the topography of Istanbul: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 3-8030-1022-5 , p. 484
- ↑ a b c d e Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 496
Coordinates: 41 ° 1 ′ 33 ″ N , 29 ° 0 ′ 41 ″ E