11th Army (Russian Empire)

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11th Army

Russian coa 1825.png

Coat of arms of the Imperial Russian Army
active 1914-1918
Country Russian Empire 1721Russian Empire Russian Empire
Armed forces Russian Empire 1721Russian Empire Imperial Russian Army
Type army
Butcher First World War
Battle in the Carpathian Mountains
Brusilov offensive
Kerensky offensive
Siege of Przemyśl

The 11th Army of the Russian Empire was an army that was used during the First World War . The army was formed in July 1914 after Russia entered the First World War and disbanded in 1918.

history

1914

On September 24, 1914, the Russian 3rd Army under General Dimitriev began the first siege of Przemysl . Meanwhile, General Paul von Hindenburg launched an offensive against the Vistula from Silesia , so that Dimitriev lifted the siege on October 11 and retreated behind the San. On November 9, 1914, the Russians were able to continue the siege of Przemyśl , albeit not with Dimitriev's units, which operated northwards against Krakow, but with the newly established 11th Army. The newly formed siege army initially consisted of six reserve and three cavalry divisions:

  • XXVIII. Army corps under General of Inf. Kashtalinsky - 58th and 60th Reserve Divisions
  • XXIX. Army Corps under General der. Inf. Zujew - 69th and 80th Reserve Divisions
  • XXX. Army corps under General of Inf. Ferdinand Wewel - 75th and 81st Reserve Divisions
  • Velev Cavalry Corps - 9th and 11th Cavalry Divisions, 2nd Kuban Cossack Division

General Selivanov, entrusted with the supreme command, no longer carried out frontal attacks, but instead relied on starving the garrison through a blockade. The 11th Army maintained the siege in the hinterland of the Russian 8th Army during the winter battle in the Carpathians .

1915

In February 1915 the Austro-Hungarian 3rd Army under General von Boroevic failed several times in the battle in the Carpathians with the kuk VII and X Corps when attempting to relieve the Przemyśl fortress. At the end of February, the Austro-Hungarian 2nd Army under General von Böhm-Ermolli was relocated from Russian Poland to Galicia for reinforcement . All relief attacks were successfully repulsed by the Russian 8th Army under General Brusilov. On March 19, the Przemyśl fortress commander, General Kusmanek , ordered an attempt to escape, but the attacks under Lieutenant Field Marshal Tamásy were repulsed by the 11th Army and the troops were pushed back into the fortress. On March 22, 1915, Kusmanek and the remaining garrison surrendered to the Russians. A total of 9 generals, 2,300 officers and 110,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers were captured by Russia.

After the Great Retreat , the 11th Army was pushed in between the 8th and 9th Armies on the lower Strypa opposite the German Southern Army . After the heavy autumn fighting with the Austro-Hungarian Second Army, Brody was also lost, the new front on the eastern Galician border stabilized between the upper Ikwa via Nowy-Alexinez to Trembowla . The 11th Army was subordinate to the following major units in October 1915:

  • VII Army Corps (13th and 34th Divisions)
  • VI. Army Corps (4th and 16th Divisions)
  • XXII. Army Corps (Finnish 1st and 3rd Rifle Divisions)
  • XVIII. Army Corps (23rd and 37th Divisions)
  • Kuban Cossack Division

1916

In order to take advantage of the success of the 8th Army at the beginning of the Brusilov offensive in June 1916 in the Lutsk area , General Brusilov now also attacked the 11th Army under General Sakharov that followed in the south. The attacks at Mlynow and Sapanow led to the capture of the Dubno traffic junction by June 10th . The Austro-Hungarian 1st Army went back from the Ikwa to the Plaszewka and the lower Lipa. The Russian attacks against the positions of the Austro-Hungarian 2nd Army east of Brody and on the upper Ikwa were unsuccessful. At the beginning of July, Sakharov's northern wing between Swiniuchy and Gorochow was close to the old Galician frontier.

1917

After the departure of the 9th Army on the left into the section of the Romanian Front , the AOK 11 had to extend the front towards the German Southern Army on the Strypa to the south. During the Kerensky offensive in early July 1917, the 11th Army under General Erdeli was deployed between Brody and Konjuchi against Lemberg . She led the main thrust with the V Siberian Corps, the XVII., XXXXIX. as well as the VI. Army Corps. In addition, the 1st Guard Corps and the XXXXV. Army Corps available as reserve of the superior Southwest Front. In the Battle of Zborów the Austrian front was breached and large parts of the Austro-Hungarian 2nd Army were taken prisoner. German intervention divisions soon stabilized the front and, on July 19, started a counterattack from the Zloczow area . The guards under General Mai-Majewski tried in vain on August 25 to prevent the loss of Tarnopol .

Commanders

(Dates in the Gregorian calendar)

literature

  • Austria-Hungary's Last War 1914–1918 Volume I. The war year 1914 , Verlag der Militärwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Vienna 1930
  • Anton Wagner: The First World War , troop service paperback, Verlag Carl Ueberreuter, Vienna 1981

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Austria-Hungary's Last War, Volume III, Vienna 1932, p. 28