9th Army (Russian Empire)

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9th Army

Russian coa 1825.png

Coat of arms of the Imperial Russian Army
active 1914 to 1918
Country Russian Empire 1721Russian Empire Russian Empire
Armed forces Russian Empire 1721Russian Empire Imperial Russian Army
Type army
Butcher First World War
Battle of the Vistula
Battle of Galicia
Brusilov offensive

The 9th Army of the Russian Empire was an army during the First World War was used. The army was formed in July 1914 after Russia entered the First World War and disbanded in 1918.

history

1914

At the beginning of the war, the 9th Army was still subordinate to the north-western front; it was responsible for the defensive cover of southern Poland; the subordinate troops were concentrated in the area between Ivangorod and Sandomierz on the Vistula line. The army faced the Austro-Hungarian army group Kummer von Falkenfeld and covered the advance of the Russian 4th Army from the Lublin area to the south from the western bank of the Vistula . The 9th Army initially had 8 infantry and 4 cavalry divisions:

  • XVIII. Corps with 23rd and 37th divisions
  • Guard Corps (transferred to 4th Army at the end of August) with 1st and 2nd Guard Divisions
  • Delsalle reserve group with 73rd, 75th, 77th and 80th reserve divisions
  • Novikov Cavalry Corps with 13th and 14th Cavalry Divisions
  • 5th and 8th Cavalry Divisions

During the Battle of the Vistula , the 9th Army, which had been reinforced in the meantime, repulsed all attacks by the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army near Opatów and pursued the enemy at the end of October 1914 to the northern apron of the Kraków fortress . The 9th Army was restructured on the Vistula front in autumn 1914:

At the end of December 1914, the 9th Army established itself on the Jedrzejow- Pintschow- Beicse line north of the Vistula in a position battle against the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army.

1915

At the end of February 1915, AOK 9 , which had been withdrawn from southern Poland, was reorganized, transferred to the south-western front and pushed into the Dniester front with 8½ infantry and five cavalry divisions. She took over the cover of the left flank of the 8th Army, which was hard pressed in the winter battle in the Carpathian Mountains . General Letschizki was supposed to stop the ongoing counter-offensive by the Austrian Army Group Planter-Baltin on the Dniester and occupy Bukovina . The subordinate major associations now included:

  • XI. Army Corps under General Vladimir Sakharov - 19th and 32nd divisions
  • XXX. Army Corps under General Andrei Saionchkovsky - 71st and 74th Reserve Divisions
  • XXXII. Army Corps under General Ivan Fedotov - 101st and 105th Divisions
  • XXXIII. Army Corps under General Sergei Dobrotin - 81st and 82nd Reserve Divisions
  • 3rd Cavalry Corps under Cavalry General Count Theodor Keller 2nd Caucasian, 10th and 12th Cavalry Divisions

On May 8, 1915, the 9th Army began a relief offensive between the Dniester bridgehead at Zaleszczyki and the Prut near Chotin as a result of the enemy front breakthrough at Gorlice . The front of the Marschall group was broken through at Sadagora and must go back to Horodenka, the Austro-Hungarian Corps Czibulka collapsed at Ottynia . The newly captured Zaleszczyki fell back into Russian hands. The Russian XXXIII. Corps broke through at Czernelica across the Dniester to the south and forced the Austro-Hungarian 7th Army to evacuate Stanislau and Kalusz on May 10th . General Pflanzer-Baltin was pushed back to the line Chernivtsi - Kolomea - Nadwórna . After the Great Retreat in August 1915, the 9th Army also had to go back to the Trembowla and Zaleszczyki line, where they went back to trench warfare on the western apron of the Sereth .

1916

On June 4, 1916, the newly formed 9th Army attacked the section of the Austro- Hungarian 7th Army as part of the Brusilov offensive .

The Austrians could not withstand the pressure of the Russian II Corps at Jaslovets for long. Until June 9, the front of the kuk XIII. Corps under FML von Rhemen torn up between Mitnica-Porchowa. The connection to the Hadfy group near Koscielniki on the Dniester was lost. The Austro-Hungarian 15th Division was completely defeated, of 10,965 men lost, over 8,000 were captured by Russia. The Dniester line of the corps groups Hadfy and Benigni standing in the center of the army planters were finally by the Russian XXXIII. and XXXXI. Corps overrun. After the front of the kuk Corps Hadfy was breached on June 6 at Zaleszczyki, and the kuk XI. Corps had collapsed in the Battle of Okna by June 9, the front of the Austro-Hungarian 7th Army on the Dniester was completely shaken. Planter-Baltin could only withdraw his XI. Arrange corps on the line Sniatyn - Horodenka , which degenerated into flight. The Austro-Hungarian 7th Army disbanded almost completely, losing around 100,000 men during the 50 kilometer advance of the Russians. The withdrawal already reached the Prut , the northeastern Bukovina with Chernivtsi was on June 18 to the Russian XII. Corps lost. Horodenka fell to the Russian XXXIII. Corps, Kolomea was lost until June 29th.

Romanian theater of war November 1916

In the south of Bukovina the heights at Dorna Watra and the small towns Jakobeny, Cimpolung and Kirlibaba became the targets of the Russian 3rd Cavalry Corps. This was followed by the Russian XII. and XI. Corps vom Sereth and strengthened the newly formed front. On August 9, the Russian XI. Corps on the upper Prut and captured the height of Pirs Dora. The Russian XII. Corps penetrated almost unhindered into the area east of Nadworna, between Mariampol and Dubienko the kuk XIII. Corps pushed back. To the south of it, the Austrians had to retreat to the Ottynia - Tysmjenica line and behind the Bystrzyca. After the fighting that followed, Stanislau was also lost on August 10, and the new front line on the upper Sereth was formed between Marjampol - Nadworna.

Commanders

literature

  • Austria-Hungary's Last War 1914–1918 Volume I. The war year 1914 , Verlag der Militärwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Vienna 1930
  • Anton Wagner: The First World War , troop service paperback, Verlag Carl Ueberreuter, Vienna 1981

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Norman Stone: The Eastern Front 1914-1917. Penguin Books, London 1998, p. 254.