Salishchyky
Salishchyky | ||
Заліщики | ||
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Basic data | ||
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Oblast : | Ternopil Oblast | |
Rajon : | Salishchyky Raion | |
Height : | 356 m | |
Area : | 7.16 km² | |
Residents : | 9,739 (2004) | |
Population density : | 1,360 inhabitants per km² | |
Postcodes : | 48605 | |
Area code : | +380 3554 | |
Geographic location : | 48 ° 38 ' N , 25 ° 44' E | |
KOATUU : | 6122010100 | |
Administrative structure : | 1 city | |
Mayor : | Volodymyr Benevyat | |
Address: | вул. С. Бандери 40 48600 м. Заліщики |
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Statistical information | ||
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Salishchyky ( Ukrainian Заліщики ; Russian Залещики Saleschtschiki , Polish Zaleszczyki , German also Hinterwalden ) is a Ukrainian city with almost 10,000 inhabitants in the Ternopil Oblast . It lies in a loop of the Dniester and is famous for its mild climate.
geography
Salishchyky is located south of the city of Chortkiv and the district capital Ternopil . On the opposite bank of the Dniester is the urban-type settlement Kostryzhivka .
history
Kingdom of Poland
Zaliszczyki was first mentioned as a settlement in the Kingdom of Poland in 1340 . In 1569 it was assigned to the Podolia Voivodeship , an administrative unit of the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania .
From the late 17th century, Zaleszczyki belonged to the noble Poniatowski family . Around 1750, at the invitation of Prince Stanisław Poniatowski, cloth weavers from Silesia settled in the area of the old village and named the place Hinterwalden . In 1759 the first German Evangelical Lutheran parish was formed in Galicia . However, the Church of St. Philippi was built on the other bank of the Dniester in the Principality of Moldova , as a church in Poland was not possible for Protestants. Johann Jakob Scheidemantel became the first pastor .
The New Zaleszczyki settlement was established near the old village. 1754 was her by King August III. given the right to four markets a year. In 1766 Magdeburg was granted town charter.
Austrian and Russian rule
With the first partition of Poland , Zaleszczyki went to the Habsburg monarchy in 1772 . From 1854 it was the seat of the district administration Zaleszczyki in the Tarnopol district in the Crown Land of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria . From 1867 a district court was added.
From 1810 to 1815 it belonged to the Russian Empire and was the capital of the Saleschtschiki district in the Tarnopol district .
In the course of the 19th century, the cloth weaving factories lost their importance. The German-speaking residents left the place (partly to Canada) or assimilated with the Polish-Ruthenian population.
In 1890, of the 5751 inhabitants, 4513 were Jews , 799 Poles , 303 Ruthenians (Ukrainians) and 110 Germans .
In 1898 a station of the local railway Białaczortkowska – Zaleszczyki operated by the joint stock company of the East Galician Local Railways was opened in Zaleszczyki .
Between the world wars
After the collapse of the Danube Monarchy at the end of the First World War in November 1918, the city became part of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic . In the Polish-Ukrainian War , Poland occupied the last parts of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in July 1919. On November 21, 1919, the High Council of the Paris Peace Conference awarded Eastern Galicia to Poland for a period of 25 years.
From 1919/1921 the city was part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship in the Republic of Poland . Zaleszczyki was now on the border with Romania . There were border crossings here in both rail and road traffic. During the interwar period, the city developed into a nationally known health resort, which was famous for its mild climate, attractive scenic location and wide river beach suitable for swimming. The place was advertised with the terms “Polish Riviera ” and “Polish Meran ”. There were rail connections with the Luxtorpeda express multiple unit to other cities across Poland. The Polish President and Marshal Józef Piłsudski spent his vacation here. Along the river bank there were promenades and villas, and the whole town had an economy geared towards tourism.
World War II and Soviet era
On September 17, 1939 Salishchyky was annexed to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic of the USSR as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact and the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland . In 1941 German troops marched in and occupied the city and region. Much of the city's Jewish residents were murdered in the Holocaust . In 1944 Salishchyky became part of the USSR again with the invasion of the Red Army.
Ukraine
Salishchyky has belonged to Ukraine since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991 . Only small remains of the former tourist facilities and the promenade have survived.
Attractions
Sacred buildings
- St. Stanisław Church, 1763, Roman Catholic
- Church of the Protection of the Virgin Mary, 1873
- former synagogue, 19th century, today an electrical station
Secular buildings
- Royal Casemates, 18th century
- Palace of the Poniatowski family, late 18th century, rebuilt in 1831
- Town hall, 18th century
- Villa Piłsudski, 20th century, where Józef Piłsudski lived in 1933
Tarnopol Voivodeship until September 17, 1939
Personalities
- Leopold von Neumann (1811–1888), Austrian lawyer and teacher of constitutional and international law
- Leon Ritter von Biliński (1846–1923), Polish politician, Austrian and Polish finance ministers
- Felician Myrbach (1853–1940), Austrian painter
- Marian Alma (1860–1937 / 38), Polish painter
- Rachmiel Levine (1910-1998), American medic
- Dmytro Firtash (* 1965), Ukrainian businessman, honorary citizen of the city since 2012
- Iryna Wikyrtschak (* 1988), writer, poet and cultural manager
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ ACA Friederich, historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland; 1839, p. 399
- ↑ Rizzi Zannoni, Karta Podola, znaczney części Wołynia, płynienie Dniestru od Uścia, aż do Chocima y Ładowa, Bogu od swego zrzodła, aż do Ładyczyna, pogranicze Mołdawy, Bracuskiekiego Kziegoows Bełows .; 1772
- ↑ K. Völker: The beginnings of the Protestant community in Zaleszczyki in Galicia. In: Yearbook of the Society for the History of Protestantism in Austria . Vienna 1909. pp. 157-174.
- ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of April 24, 1854, No. 111, page 401
- ↑ Słownik Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich , vol. XIV. Warszawa 1895. p. 345 ( online)
- ↑ (Polish)
- ↑ (Polish)
- ↑ Comparison of photos (Polish)