Butschatsch

Buczacz is a redirect to this article. For other meanings, see Buczacz district .

Butschatsch
Бучач
	Butschatsch
Basic data
Oblast :	Ternopil Oblast
Rajon :	Butschach district
Height :	271 m
Area :	9.98 km²
Residents :	12,511 (2004)
Population density :	1,254 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes :	48405
Area code :	+380 3544
Geographic location :	49 ° 4 '  N , 25 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 3 '45 "  N , 25 ° 23' 9"  E
KOATUU :	6121210100
Administrative structure :	1 city
Mayor :	Josyf Moszipan
Address:	майдан Волі 1 48400 м. Бучач
Website :	http://www.buchach.org.ua/
Statistical information
Butschatsch

Butschatsch ( Ukrainian and Russian Бучач ; Polish Buczacz , Hebrew בוצ'אץ ', Turkish Bucaş ) is a Ukrainian city ​​with a little over 12,500 inhabitants. It is located in the Ternopil Oblast 65 km south of the Oblast capital Ternopil on both banks of the Strypa River ( Стрипа ) on the Podolian Plate .

City structure

• Harwonez
• Jurydyka
• Korolivka
• Muljarka
• Nahirjanka (Ukrainian Нагірянка, Polish Nagórzanka - former village)
• Piwdennyj

history

View over the place

City before the First World War

Butschatsch was founded in the 13th century and was part of the principality of Halych-Volodymyr from 1349 . At the end of the 14th century, according to a Polish source, the year 1393, the village received Magdeburg city rights .

By 1500 at the latest, Jews began to settle here , who made up more than half of the population at the beginning of the 20th century. There were also strong Ukrainian, Polish and Armenian minorities.

The city was first mentioned in writing in 1260. It initially belonged to the Halitscher Land in the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. After the Union of Lublin , the city was in the Ruthenian Voivodeship from 1569 to 1772, an administrative unit of the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania , where it remained until the First Partition of Poland .

In the 17th century Poles, Turks and Ukrainian Cossacks fought for the city. In 1672 and 1675 the city was conquered by the Ottoman army , but this did not last. The Jewish population joined the Poles. From 1772 to 1918, Butschatsch belonged to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria within the Habsburg Monarchy , like the Grand Duchy of Krakow and the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator .

Under the Polish name of Buczacz, it belonged to Austrian Galicia until 1918 and was the seat of the district administration of the Buczacz district from 1850/1854 to 1918 , and from 1867 also the seat of a district court.

Russian troops in the destroyed Buschach, 1916

In 1884 the city got a railway connection with the opening of the Stanislau - Hussiatyn railway line (still shortened today as the Butschatsch – Jarmolynzi railway line ) under the leadership of the Galician Transversal Railway. During the First World War , the city was on the eastern front and was badly damaged. About half of the houses were destroyed or badly damaged in fighting.

At the end of the war in November 1918, the city was briefly part of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic after the collapse of the Danube Monarchy . In the Polish-Ukrainian War , Poland occupied the last parts of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in July 1919. On November 21, 1919, the High Council of the Paris Peace Conference awarded Eastern Galicia to Poland for a period of 25 years.

Tarnopol Voivodeship until 1939, location of the city of Buczacz south of Tarnopol

After the regaining of Polish independence, the place was from 1921 to September 1939 in the Tarnopol Voivodeship . As a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact and the secret additional protocol, Buschatsch was occupied by Soviet troops in September 1939 and was then located in the Ternopol Oblast in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1939 to 1991 . German troops occupied the place in July 1941 . Two dozen Germans, supported by 300 Ukrainian policemen and the Jewish security service, deported around 30,000 Jews to the Belzec extermination camp and murdered around the same number in mass shootings in and around the city. When the Red Army liberated the city in March 1944, around 800 Jews were still alive who had survived the German occupation in hiding and with the help of non-Jewish residents. About 700 of them were murdered when the Germans retook Butschatsch shortly afterwards. The city was not finally liberated until July 1944.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union , Buschach has been located in Ternopil Oblast in the independent Ukraine since 1991 .

science and education

Volodymyr Hnatyuk High School

• Volodymyr Hnatyuk High School
• Collegium of St. Josaphat
• Liceum
• Agro college
• Vocational school
• Secondary schools (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3)
• Children's music school
• Children's art school
• Children's sports school

Culture

Town hall of Butschatsch from the 18th century

The monastery of the Basilian monastic order

Virgin Mary statue

Buildings

Former

• Holy Cross Church ( Roman Catholic )
• Dreifaltigkeitkirche (around 1610, Orthodox Church , from 1652 to 1808 Roman Catholic Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord)
• Church of the Protection and Intercession of the Virgin Mary (around 1700, wooden)
• Church of the Birth of Mary (wooden)
• The Great Synagogue ( Groyse Schul ) , built in 1728 and damaged in World War II, was demolished in the second half of the 1940s. To make room for a new shopping center, the Jewish study house ( Beit Hamidrash ) was torn down in 2001 .
• Castle of the Potocki

Received

Despite the wars of the 20th century, some older buildings have been preserved in Butschatsch. This includes:

• Butschach Fortress
• St. Nicholas Church (around 1610), the oldest stone church in Buschatsch, Orthodox Church of Ukraine (between around 1665 and 1946 it belonged to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGKK))
• Former Trinity Monastery (around 1610, Orthodox monastery, Roman Catholic Church of the Transfiguration from 1652 to 1808)
• Roadside statue of St. John Nepomuk (1750)
• Roadside statue of Mary (1751)
• a monastery of the monastic order of the Basilians (1751–1753), UGKK, now Basilian of St. Josaphat
• the town hall (1743–1758)
• Church of the Protection and Intercession (around 1760)
• Roman Catholic Church of the Assumption of Our Lady (1763)
• Church of the Exaltation of the Cross (around 1770–1771), Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
• a grammar school named after the Ukrainian ethnographer Volodymyr Hnatjuk from the Austro-Hungarian Empire (ceremoniously opened on January 10, 1899).
• the present House of Culture, built in 1905 for the Polish Sokół
• St. Volodymyr Church (c. 2000), Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate
• Procathedral for the Annunciation of the Lord (2007-2014, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church)

Monuments

• Monument to Taras Shevchenko (1994, restoration 2015)
• Monument to Stepan Bandera (2007)
• Brush Monument (2014)
• Monument to Samuel Agnon (2016)

Sports

There are two stages in the city, one of which has fallen into disrepair. The city is known for its football team Kolos, which won the Ternopil Oblast 8 times in a row (1966–1973).

Graveyards

• The city cemetery
• The Nahirjanka cemetery
• The Jewish cemetery

Honorary citizen

Honorary Citizen (Austria-Hungary)

• Emil Schutt (1845–1922)

Honorary Citizen (Ukraine)

• Stepan Bandera
• Mychajlo Zymbaljuk

sons and daughters of the town

• Samuel Agnon (1888-1970), Hebrew writer ( Nobel Prize for Literature )
• Mykola Bews (* 1954), Ukrainian architect and social activist, Vice President of the Ukrainian ICOMOS Committee .
• Ruben Feldschu (Ben Shem) (1900–1980), Zionist activist, author and chronicler of the Warsaw Ghetto
• Josef Funkenstein (* 1909), historian
• Adolf Inlender (1853–1920), politician, journalist, publisher
• Max Lichtegg (1910–1992), Swiss opera singer
• David Heinrich Müller (1846–1912), orientalist, Semitist, linguist and literary scholar
• Maximilian Nacht (pseud. Max Nomad) (1881–1973), anarchist, later socialist journalist and writer
• Jaroslaw Padoch (1908–1998), President of the World Council of the Shevchenko Scientific Society
• Ihor Pylatjuk (* 1954), Ukrainian violinist, rector of the Lviv National Music Academy .
• Emanuel Ringelblum (1900–1944), Polish-Jewish historian, publicist and resistance fighter
• Fania Scholem , b. Freud (1909–1999), wife of Gershom Scholem .
• Simon Wiesenthal (1908–2005), publicist, writer and head of the Jewish Documentation Center in Vienna

City personalities

• possibly Jakob Frank (1726–1791), Jewish enthusiast, founder of the Soharite sect or Contra-Talmudist
• Volodymyr Hnatjuk (1871–1926), ethnographer
• Stefan Aleksander Potocki , magnate , patron
• Nikolaus Basilius Potocki (1707 / 1708–1782), Polish- Ukrainian aristocrat ( Szlachta ), magnate , patron and Kaniwer Starost

Town twinning

Butschatsch maintains the following city ​​partnerships :

• Kazimierza Wielka ( Poland )
• Złotoryja ( Poland ).

Butschatsch in literature

Buczacz is the place of origin of the Jewish Forlani and Karubiner families in Maxim Biller's novel biography .

See also

• Jewish community of Butschatsch

literature

• Illustrated guide to the kk Österr. State railways for the routes ... / written and edited by Adolf Inlender , Issue 32, Druck und Verlag der Buch- und Künsterei, Vienna, pp. 76-90.
• Mychajlo Hruschewskyj : History of the Ukraine-Rus . (Ukrainian)
• Omer Bartov :
  • Anatomy of a Genocide. The Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018. ISBN 978-1-4516-8453-7 .
  • Erased. Vanishing Traces of Jewish Galicia in Present-Day Ukraine. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-691-13121-4 . Paperback (2015) ISBN 978-0-691-16655-1 . (English)
  • The last days of Buczacz. The destruction of a multiethnic city (in: S: IMON - Shoah: Intervention. Methods, Documentation, March 8, 2007. pdf, 14 pages)

Web links

Commons : Butschatsch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Buczacz . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 1 : Aa-Dereneczna . Sulimierskiego and Walewskiego, Warsaw 1880, p. 433 (Polish, edu.pl ). (Polish)
• Russian map of the city and the surrounding area
• Diocese of Butschatsch

Remarks

1. ↑ The Polish-language Wikipedia has a picture of his tombstone under Plik: E. Schutt tomb. Buchach.jpg

Individual evidence

1. ^ Buchach . In: Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine . Vol. 3: Біо - Бя, Kiev 2004. ISBN 966-02-2682-9 , p. 674. (Ukrainian)
2. ↑ Adam Smulski: Mój Buczacz . Światowid, Kielce 2014, p. 5. ISBN 978-83-62509-03-4 . (Polish)
3. ↑ Aleksander Jabłonowski: Ziemie ruskie. Ruś Czerwona In: Polska XVI wieku pod plus geograficzno-statystycznym , drukarnia Piotra Laskanera i S-ki, Warszawa 1903, vol. XVIII (VII), Part II-a , pp. 75, 183 . (Polish)
4. ↑ Aleksander Jabłonowski. Pretty ruskie. Ruś Czerwona In Polska XVI wieku pod plus geograficzno-statystycznym , drukarnia Piotra Laskanera i S-ki, Warszawa 1903, T. XVIII (VII), Cz. II-a , p. 201. (Polish)
5. ↑ sometimes - in the Podolia Voivodeship → see: Rizzi Zannoni, Karta Podola, znaczney części Wołynia, płynienie Dniestru od Uścia, aż do Chocima y Ładowa, Bogu od swego zrzodła, aż do Ładyczawie, aż do Ładyczynagouskgo Kgo Bracławskiego .; 1772 (Polish)
6. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of October 8, 1850, No. 383, page 1741
7. ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Empire of Austria. Born in 1854, XXXIX. Piece, No. 111: "Ordinance of the Ministers of the Interior, Justice and Finance of April 24, 1854"
8. ↑ Ihor Dazkiw: Dyplomatija SUNR na Paryskij myrnij konferenziji 1919 r. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Ukrajinskyj istorychnyj schurnal . 5 (482). Retrieved March 22, 2016.  ISSN 0130-5247, p. 134. (Ukrainian)
9. ↑ http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensions/2018-2-188
10. ↑ Leon Potocki: Urywek ze wspomnień pierwszej mojej Mlodosci , Poznan 1876, pp 36-43. (Polish)
11. ^ Anna Sylwia Czyż, Bartłomiej Gutowski: Cmentarz miejski w Buczaczu . drukarnia «Franczak» (Bydgoszcz), Warsaw 2009, notebook 3. (Zabytki kultury polskiej poza granicami kraju, Seria C), ISBN 978-83-60976-45-6 , p. 22. (Polish)
12. ↑ Szematyzm Królestwa Galicyi i Lodomeryi z Wielkiem Księstwem Krakowskiem na rok 1907 ( Memento of the original of February 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . drukarnia Wł. Łozińskiego, Lemberg 1907, p. 30. (Polish)
13. ↑ Laurence Weinbaum, "Shaking the Dust Off" - The Story of the Warsaw Ghetto's Forgotten Chronicler, Jewish Political Studies Review, Vol. 22 No. 3-4, Fall 2010.
14. ↑ A few words from the Rector (English)
15. ↑ Sadok Barącz : Pamiątki buczackie . Drukarnia "Gazety Narodowej", Lemberg 1882, p. 69 (note 2). (Polish)