Mychajlo Hruschewskyj

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mychajlo Hruschewskyj (1895)
Ukrainian postage stamp in honor of Hrushevskyj (1995)
Hrushevskyi monument in front of the Central Na Rada in Kiev

Mykhaylo Serhijowytsch Hruschewskyj ( Ukrainian Михайло Сергійович Грушевський , scientific. Transliteration Mychajlo Serhijovyč Hruševs'kyj , Russian Михаил Сергеевич Грушевский Mikhail Sergeyevich Gruschewski * 17 . Jul / 29. September  1866 greg. In Chelm , Russian Empire ; † 24. November 1934 in Kislovodsk , Soviet Union ) was a historian, politician, and activist in the Ukrainian national movement.

Career

Hruschewskyi studied at the History Faculty of St. Vladimir University and worked after his studies in Kiev , where he was professor of Eastern European history, de facto of Ukrainian history in Lviv and a central figure in the national movement.

His main historical work is a broad-based Ukrainian-written history of the Ukraine-Rus in ten volumes. His work appeared between 1898 and 1937 and lists the story up to the mid-17th century. The first volume was also published in German; a translation of the entire work into English is in progress (2005).

Hruschewskyj came from Kiev to Lemberg in 1894 and, through his work, gave the Shevchenko Scientific Society the status of an internationally recognized academy. In 1905 he moved back to Kiev.

Hruschewskyj had been considered a bourgeois nationalist historian in the Soviet Union since the 1930s, and it has only been possible to publish his reprints again since 1989. In the Ukrainian SSR , the legacy of pre-revolutionary historiography was also initially taken up . Mychajlo Hruschewskyj worked at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kiev in the 1920s and was an academician from 1924. At the same time, attempts were made to establish a Marxist historiography which soon also took on national-Russian tones. Ukrainian history was thus denied its intrinsic value and a right to exist was only permitted within the framework of a history of Russia .

Hruschewskyj opposed the conception of a unified East Slavic (Russian) stream of history with the idea of ​​a separate development of the nationalities of the Russians and Ukrainians.

Important research centers such as the Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University and the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies in Edmonton have emerged in North America . A Hruschewskyj chair was established at Harvard, from which eminent historians emerged. In Ukrainian historiography outside of Ukraine, North American research is quantitatively and qualitatively leading.

In addition to his position as a historian, Mychajlo Hruschewskyj was also the leading head of the Ukrainian national movement at the beginning of the century and in 1917 the first president of the independent Ukrainian People's Republic . In his role as chairman of the Central Council, he helped establish Ukraine as a separate, autonomous state. On January 22, 1918, the Supreme Council proclaimed the full independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

A portrait Hruschewskyjs that on the Kiev Baikove Cemetery was buried, is located on the Ukrainian fifty UAH -Schein.

family

Mychajlo Hruschewskyj was the son of the literature professor Serhij Hruschewskyj (1830–1901), the brother of the historian and literary critic Oleksandr Hruschewskyj and the historian and translator Hanna Shamraj-Hruschewska ( Ганна Серкамана сергімана 19 ), the teacher and the translator Marija-Iwanna Hruschewska ( Марія-Іванна Сильвестрівна Грушевська ; 1868–1948) and father of the ethnographer and translator Kateryna Hruschewska ( Катерина Михайвавана 1900–43 .

Fonts (selection)

  • An overview of the history of the Ukraine. Federal publishing house for the liberation of the Ukraine, Vienna 1914.
  • The historical development of the Ukrainian question. Federal publishing house for the liberation of the Ukraine, Vienna 1915 ( online ).
  • History of the Ukraine , part 1. League for the Liberation of the Ukraine, Lemberg 1916.
  • Istorija Ukrainy-Rusy. 10 volumes. 1904-1936.
  • " Bajda Wyschneweckyj Poetry and History" (Байда-Вишневецький в поезії й історії) 1908.

literature

  • Lubomyr R. Wynar: Mychajlo Hruševs'kyj: Bibliographical source 1866-1934 . Munich 1984.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Website of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( Memento from December 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) - Akhiezer Alexander Ylych member's page, accessed on November 29, 2016
  2. ^ Entry on Mychajlo Hruschewskyj in the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ; accessed on May 7, 2019 (Ukrainian)

Web links

Commons : Mykhailo Hrushevsky  - Collection of Images
personal data
SURNAME Hruschewskyj, Mychajlo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hruschewskyj, Mychajlo Serhijowytsch (full name); Грушевський, Михайло Сергійович (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian historian, politician and activist in the Ukrainian national movement
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Chełm
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1934
Place of death Kislovodsk