Central Na Rada

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Central Na Rada building in Kiev

The Zentralna Rada (German Central Assembly , Central Council ; Ukrainian Центральна Рада ) was the political decision-making body of the revolutionary Ukraine and the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1917 to 1920.

history

1917

The members of the General Secretariat on July 5, 1917. (from left to right) Standing: P. Chrystjuk, M. Stasjuk, B. Martos. Sitting: I. Steschenko, C. Baranowskyj, W. Vynnytschenko, S. Jefremow, S. Petlyura

With the February revolution in Russia in 1917 and the overthrow of the Tsarist government, Ukraine saw the chance for its own independent state and social development to have come.

On March 17, 1917, at the initiative of the Society of Ukrainian Progressives ( Towarystwo Ukrainskych Postupowziw ), representatives of political, cultural and professional organizations gathered in Kiev to form a provisional government from among them to replace the tsarist government agencies, which had since been abolished . On March 20, 1917, Mychajlo Hruschewskyj was elected chairman of this Ukrainian People's Council.

At the All-Ukrainian National Congress from April 19 to 21, 1917 with around 900 delegates from political parties, peasant organizations, rural and urban self-government, military organizations, cultural and educational institutions, church institutions and the Ukrainian governorates, 115 deputies were initially elected to the Central Na Rada , henceforth the highest national authority. The Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' Party and the Ukrainian Party of Social Revolutionaries had decisive weight in the Central Rada.

After the first All-Ukrainian Peasant Congress (June 10-16, 1917), the Second All-Ukrainian Military Congress (June 18-23, 1917), and after the All-Ukrainian Workers' Congress (July 24-27, 1917) ) the Zentralrada was expanded to include representatives from these congresses. (By the end of July 1917 the total number of deputies of the Zentralrada had grown to 822).

In its 1st Universal of June 23, 1917, the Central Rada called for autonomy for Ukraine within a democratic and federally organized Russia, definition of the borders of Ukraine, and participation in a future peace conference. A few days after the adoption of the 1st Universal, a "Committee of the Central Rada" (so-called "Little Rada" ) was formed on the proposal of the UPSR (Ukrajins'ka Partija Sotsialistiw-Revljutsioneriw - Social Revolutionaries) , until June 28, 1917, all legislative decision-making powers transferred to a so-called 9-person general secretariat - chaired by Volodymyr Vynnytschenko (USDRP). Most of the posts were in the hands of the USDRP (with a total of 4 chairmen) and UPSR (2), 1 UPSF (Ukrainska Partiia Sotsialistiw-Federalistiw), 2 independents.

The demand for autonomy led to a conflict with the Provisional Government (Russia) , which took the view that the General Secretariat and Central Rada were still subordinate to it. A compromise was negotiated: The Provisional Government (Russia) recognized the General Secretariat as the highest governing body of Ukraine. The members of the General Secretariat should be appointed by the Provisional Government (Russia) - on the recommendation of the Rada. In return, the General Secretariat and the Central Rada recognized the Provisional Government (of Russia). Ukraine refrained from “one-sided” (unilateral) autonomy. This agreement was reflected in the 2nd Universal (July 16, 1917).

Ukrainian People's Republic

On November 7th, July / November 20,  1917 greg. the Central Na Rada proclaimed the Ukrainian People's Republic as an autonomous state within the federal new Soviet Russia . On November 12th, Jul. / November 25,  1917 greg. she organized elections in which the Bolsheviks received 25% and the other parties 75% of the vote. On January 22, 1918, she declared the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic from Russia on the 4th Universal.

On February 7, 1918, the Central Na Rada was expelled from Kiev after the Soviet Russian Red Guards had captured the city. On March 4, it was reinstated by German intervention troops.

On April 29, she was replaced by a hetmanate . After December 14th it again became the political decision-making body of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

1919 to 1920

In January 1919 the Central Na Rada was expelled from Kiev by the Bolsheviks and existed in the areas not yet conquered by Soviet Ukraine until 1920.

reviews

The Central Na Rada was the first self-governing body for Ukraine after the February Revolution of 1917. It strived for the greatest possible autonomy for Ukraine from Russia. The leading parties were initially moderate workers' parties, the Bolsheviks were hardly involved.

From the perspective of the Soviet Union , it was a counterrevolutionary construct of bourgeois and semi-bourgeois nationalist Ukrainian parties that only existed from 1917 to 1918.

Zentralna Rada building ( House of Teachers ) with Hrushevskyi Monument and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Today's building

The building on Volodymyrska Street in downtown Kiev is now home to the Pedagogical Museum (Педагогічний музей), hence the house is also known as the House of Teachers .

On January 22nd, 2009 the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko opened the Museum of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the building .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Society of Ukrainian Progressives in Encyclopedia of Ukraine (online) (University of Toronto)
  2. ^ A b Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): Central Rada
  3. ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): Mykhailo Hrushevsky
  4. ↑ Frank Grelka: The Ukrainian national movement under German occupation rule in 1918 and 1941-42. Wiesbaden 2005, p. 56 f.
  5. ^ Frank Golczewski: Germans and Ukrainians 1914 - 1939. Paderborn 2010, p. 163.
  6. ^ Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Ukrainian National Congress
  7. ↑ Frank Grelka: The Ukrainian national movement under German occupation rule in 1918 and 1941-42. Wiesbaden 2005, p. 57 f.
  8. ↑ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' party
  9. ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Ukrainian peasant congresses
  10. ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Ukrainian Council of Peasants' Deputies
  11. ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Ukrainian military congresses
  12. ↑ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Ukrainian Council of Military Deputies
  13. ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Ukrainian workers' congresses
  14. ↑ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): Universals of the Central Rada
  15. ↑ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): Autonomy
  16. ↑ Frank Grelka: The Ukrainian national movement under German occupation rule in 1918 and 1941-42. Wiesbaden 2005, p. 58.
  17. ^ Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): All-Russian Constituent Assembly
  18. ↑ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): General Secretariat of the Central Rada
  19. ↑ Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto): Vynnychenko, Volodymyr
  20. ↑ Frank Grelka: The Ukrainian national movement under German occupation rule in 1918 and 1941-42. Wiesbaden 2005, p. 59.
  21. ^ Soviet Encyclopedia: The Central Rada in a scope of the Soviet perspective
  22. ^ The Museum of the Ukrainian People's Republic ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ); last accessed on May 17, 2014.

Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 41.1 ″  N , 30 ° 30 ′ 48.6 ″  E