Dmytro Wyschneweckyj

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Dmytro Wyschneweckyj

Dmytro Iwanowytsch Wyschneweckyj called " Bajda " ( Ukrainian Дмитро Іванович Вишневецький "Байда" , Polish Dymitr "Bajda" Wiśniowiecki * 1516-1536 in Vyshnivets ; † 1563 in Constantinople Opel ) was a Ruthenian magnate and general, Starosta of Cherkasy and Kaniv and 1550 first Ataman of registered Zaporozhye Cossacks and founder of the Sich of Zaporizhia .

biography

Dmytro Wyschneweckyj, the eldest son of Ivan Wyschneweckyj ( Іван Михайлович Вишневецький ) of the Polish aristocracy of Ruthenian origin Wiśniowiecki , was born between 1516 and 1535, probably in Vyshnivets in the Ukrainian Oblast .

Around 1553 he built the first Zaporozhian Cossack sitsch , the prototype of a Zaporogeric sitsch, on the Dnepr island of Mala Khortyzja, as an outpost with several hundred Cossacks fighting the Tatars . From the summer of 1553 to the spring of 1554 he traveled to Turkey with a large escort. In 1556 he moved for Tsar Ivan the Terrible against the Crimean Tatars near Ochakiv . In 1557 and 1558 the Khan Devlet Giray attacked the fortress. In early 1559 Vysnevetskyi led a successful campaign in the Crimea and freed several thousand prisoners from slavery. In June 1559 Vyschneweckyj led an attack by the Cossacks against the Ottoman fortress Azov , but it failed. In 1563 he got involved in the battle for the Moldovan throne and led an army of 4,000 Cossacks to Moldova , but was defeated by the Turks and taken as a prisoner to Constantinople, where he was executed under torture on the orders of Sultan Suleyman I. .

Ukrainian postage stamp from 1997. Depiction on left: attack on Azov; right: Vyschneweckyj's execution

Commemoration

His nickname "Bajda" became popular again through Mychajlo Hruschewskyj's work "Bajda Wyschneweckyj Poetry and History" ( Байда-Вишневецький в поезії й історії ) from 1908. It is sung about in many Ukrainian folk songs and is the namesake of numerous streets in Ukrainian cities. In 1999, a memorial was erected for him on the island of Khortytsia. The Ukrainian Post issued a postage stamp in 1997 and the Ukrainian State Bank issued a commemorative coin with his likeness in 1999.

Web links

Commons : Dmytro Wyschneweckyj  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Genealogy Wiśniowiecki , accessed on March 12, 2015
  2. ↑ biography on history.franko.lviv.ua , accessed on March 12, 2015
  3. ↑ a b Biography of Dmytro Wyschneweckyj on "Ukraine: The History of a Great Nation - Encyclopedia" (Ukrainian), accessed on March 12, 2015
  4. ↑ Dnipro 89/2 p. 124 ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 12, 2015  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ursr.org
personal data
SURNAME Wyschneweckyj, Dmytro
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vyshnevetsky, Dmytro Ivanovich (full name); Вишневе́цький, Дмитро Іванович (Ukrainian); Wiśniowiecki, Dymitr (Polish); Bajda
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ataman of the Cossacks in Ukraine
DATE OF BIRTH between 1516 and 1536
PLACE OF BIRTH Vyshnivets
DATE OF DEATH 1563
Place of death Constantinople