Ostrich bellflower

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Ostrich bellflower
Ostrich bellflower (Campanula thyrsoides)

Ostrich bellflower ( Campanula thyrsoides )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Genre : Bluebells ( campanula )
Type : Ostrich bellflower
Scientific name
Campanula thyrsoides
L.

The ostrich bellflower ( Campanula thyrsoides ) is a species of bellflower ( Campanula ) within the bellflower family (Campanulaceae).

description

Illustration from Alpen-Flora , p. 167

Vegetative characteristics

The ostrich bellflower grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters. The aboveground parts of the plant are coarsely hairy. The stem is angular and densely leafed above all below. The basal sheets are elongated lanceolate. The stem leaves are tongue-shaped.

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Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. The flowers sit in the upper leaf axils and form a dense spike with up to 200 flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The color of the petals is pale yellow.

The number of chromosomes for both subspecies is 2n = 34.

ecology

It has long been believed that this species is a biennial plant. She likes to colonize the "half-digging" mowers of the Limestone Alps, which are only mowed every two years and thus meet  their two-year life cycle. In more recent studies it was found that the growth of the leaf rosettes to flowering maturity in some locations does not take two, but 5 to 10 years.

Each capsule fruit contains around 120 to 180 seeds. For a plant specimen with 100 flowers, that is up to 18,000 seeds that are spread by the wind.

Occurrence

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The ostrich bellflower is an ancient tertiary species from the southern European mountains . This lime-loving plant is widespread in the Alps , Jura and Balkans . Their locations on open ground and their uneven distribution do not reveal them as relic plants , but as migrating plants .

Stony lawns, ledges and roadsides in a sunny location are preferred. It is a characteristic species of the Caricetum ferrugineae in the Alps. It can be found at altitudes from 1000 to 2700 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 2380 meters at the Rauheck summit in Bavaria.

Systematics and distribution

Krainer bunch bellflower ( Campanula thyrsoides subsp. Carniolica )

The first publication of Campanula thyrsoides was by Carl von Linné .

There are two subspecies:

  • Common ostrich bellflower ( Campanula thyrsoides L. subsp. Thyrsoides ): It reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. Their bracts are at most as long as the flower. The crown is pale yellow. It can be found in the limestone Alps, on the Balkan Peninsula and in the French Jura in the subalpine to alpine area on fresh stony lawns and rocks at altitudes of 1500 to 2800 meters.
  • Krainer ostrich bellflower ( sl .: Kranjska sopasta zvoncica) ( Campanula thyrsoides subsp. Carniolica (Sünd.) Podlech ): It reaches heights of growth of 30 to 80, rarely up to 120 centimeters. Their bracts are twice as long as the flower. The crown is white-yellow. It is found in the Carnic Alps and in Croatia in the montane area on rocky lawns .

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Campanula thyrsoides at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  892 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 551.
  4. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Campanula - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on August 7, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Ostrich Bellflower ( Campanula thyrsoides )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files