Salishchyky

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Salishchyky
Заліщики
Salishchyky coat of arms
Salishchyky (Ukraine)
Salishchyky
Salishchyky
Basic data
Oblast : Ternopil Oblast
Rajon : Salishchyky Raion
Height : 356 m
Area : 7.16 km²
Residents : 9,739 (2004)
Population density : 1,360 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 48605
Area code : +380 3554
Geographic location : 48 ° 38 '  N , 25 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 38 '25 "  N , 25 ° 43' 57"  E
KOATUU : 6122010100
Administrative structure : 1 city
Mayor : Volodymyr Benevyat
Address: вул. С. Бандери 40
48600 м. Заліщики
Statistical information
Salishchyky (Ternopil Oblast)
Salishchyky
Salishchyky
i1
Panoramic view of Salishchyky
St. Stanislav Church

Salishchyky ( Ukrainian Заліщики ; Russian Залещики Saleschtschiki , Polish Zaleszczyki , German also Hinterwalden ) is a Ukrainian city ​​with almost 10,000 inhabitants in the Ternopil Oblast . It lies in a loop of the Dniester and is famous for its mild climate.

geography

Salishchyky is located south of the city of Chortkiv and the district capital Ternopil . On the opposite bank of the Dniester is the urban-type settlement Kostryzhivka .

history

Kingdom of Poland

Zaliszczyki was first mentioned as a settlement in the Kingdom of Poland in 1340 . In 1569 it was assigned to the Podolia Voivodeship , an administrative unit of the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania .

From the late 17th century, Zaleszczyki belonged to the noble Poniatowski family . Around 1750, at the invitation of Prince Stanisław Poniatowski, cloth weavers from Silesia settled in the area of ​​the old village and named the place Hinterwalden . In 1759 the first German Evangelical Lutheran parish was formed in Galicia . However, the Church of St. Philippi was built on the other bank of the Dniester in the Principality of Moldova , as a church in Poland was not possible for Protestants. Johann Jakob Scheidemantel became the first pastor .

The New Zaleszczyki settlement was established near the old village. 1754 was her by King August III. given the right to four markets a year. In 1766 Magdeburg was granted town charter.

Austrian and Russian rule

With the first partition of Poland , Zaleszczyki went to the Habsburg monarchy in 1772 . From 1854 it was the seat of the district administration Zaleszczyki in the Tarnopol district in the Crown Land of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria . From 1867 a district court was added.

Postage stamp postmarked by Zaleszczyki, 1876

From 1810 to 1815 it belonged to the Russian Empire and was the capital of the Saleschtschiki district in the Tarnopol district .

In the course of the 19th century, the cloth weaving factories lost their importance. The German-speaking residents left the place (partly to Canada) or assimilated with the Polish-Ruthenian population.

In 1890, of the 5751 inhabitants, 4513 were Jews , 799 Poles , 303 Ruthenians (Ukrainians) and 110 Germans .

In 1898 a station of the local railway Białaczortkowska – Zaleszczyki operated by the joint stock company of the East Galician Local Railways was opened in Zaleszczyki .

Between the world wars

After the collapse of the Danube Monarchy at the end of the First World War in November 1918, the city became part of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic . In the Polish-Ukrainian War , Poland occupied the last parts of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in July 1919. On November 21, 1919, the High Council of the Paris Peace Conference awarded Eastern Galicia to Poland for a period of 25 years.

Passport stamp from Zaleszczyki, September 15, 1939

From 1919/1921 the city was part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship in the Republic of Poland . Zaleszczyki was now on the border with Romania . There were border crossings here in both rail and road traffic. During the interwar period, the city developed into a nationally known health resort, which was famous for its mild climate, attractive scenic location and wide river beach suitable for swimming. The place was advertised with the terms “Polish Riviera ” and “Polish Meran ”. There were rail connections with the Luxtorpeda express multiple unit to other cities across Poland. The Polish President and Marshal Józef Piłsudski spent his vacation here. Along the river bank there were promenades and villas, and the whole town had an economy geared towards tourism.

World War II and Soviet era

On September 17, 1939 Salishchyky was annexed to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic of the USSR as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact and the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland . In 1941 German troops marched in and occupied the city and region. Much of the city's Jewish residents were murdered in the Holocaust . In 1944 Salishchyky became part of the USSR again with the invasion of the Red Army.

Ukraine

Salishchyky has belonged to Ukraine since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991 . Only small remains of the former tourist facilities and the promenade have survived.

Attractions

Former synagogue

Sacred buildings

  • St. Stanisław Church, 1763, Roman Catholic
  • Church of the Protection of the Virgin Mary, 1873
  • former synagogue, 19th century, today an electrical station

Secular buildings

  • Royal Casemates, 18th century
  • Palace of the Poniatowski family, late 18th century, rebuilt in 1831
  • Town hall, 18th century
  • Villa Piłsudski, 20th century, where Józef Piłsudski lived in 1933

  • Panoramic view of the city and the Dnister canyon

  • Tarnopol Voivodeship until September 17, 1939

  • Railway bridge over the Dniester

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Salishchyky  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ACA Friederich, historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland; 1839, p. 399
  2. ↑ Rizzi Zannoni, Karta Podola, znaczney części Wołynia, płynienie Dniestru od Uścia, aż do Chocima y Ładowa, Bogu od swego zrzodła, aż do Ładyczyna, pogranicze Mołdawy, Bracuskiekiego Kziegoows Bełows .; 1772
  3. ↑ K. Völker: The beginnings of the Protestant community in Zaleszczyki in Galicia. In: Yearbook of the Society for the History of Protestantism in Austria . Vienna 1909. pp. 157-174.
  4. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of April 24, 1854, No. 111, page 401
  5. ↑ Słownik Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich , vol. XIV. Warszawa 1895. p. 345 ( online)
  6. ↑ (Polish)
  7. ↑ (Polish)
  8. ↑ Comparison of photos (Polish)