Administrative division of Galicia

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Map of Galicia 1914

The administrative structure of Galicia developed after the First Partition of Poland and the associated incorporation into the Habsburg Monarchy . This replaced the previously existing traditional Polish offices such as voivode, starost or castellan with a four-part administrative hierarchy:

  • Court and government offices in Vienna named as central offices as the highest executive bodies
  • the Galician Provincial Gubernium, later the Lieutenancy in Lemberg with a governor at its head
  • District and / or district offices as middle administrative level
  • City, village or patrimonial offices as autonomous authorities vis-à-vis the three levels of government
Map with the Polish Powiats from 1938 on the territory of Galicia from 1914

Administrative division of Galicia from 1772 to 1850

After the official incorporation of the kingdoms of Galicia and Lodomeria on September 11, 1772, a so-called Gubernium was set up in Lemberg , which administered the newly acquired territories centrally; Latin and German, which were still predominant at that time, were determined as the official language instead of Polish.

In November 1773, the Kingdom of Galicia was divided into 59 district districts, which in turn were divided into the six districts of Kraków (formerly Kraków Voivodeship ), Sandomir (formerly Sandomir Voivodeship ), Lublin (formerly Lublin Voivodeship ), Bełz (formerly Bełz Voivodeship ), Rotreußen (formerly Ruthenian Voivodeship ) and Podolia (formerly Podolia Voivodeship ) were divided, the voivodships that existed until then were abolished.

After the decision to streamline the state administration had been taken in 1774, the districts were renamed Wieliczka , Pilzno , Sambor , Bełz , Lemberg and Halitsch (after the name of the administrative headquarters) with a simultaneous reduction of the districts to 19:

A decree issued on March 22, 1782 resulted in a second administrative reform in which the previously existing districts were converted into districts in direct correspondence with the state office, with 18 new districts being merged to form the district of Stanislau by merging the previous districts of Kolomea and Tyśmenica originated. In the following years there were repeated changes in the district boundaries and also changes in the district names.

At the head of each district was a district chief, the direct administration in the Kingdom of Galicia was held by the Gubernium in Lemberg, as before , this was subordinate to the respective highest regional authority in Vienna:

  • 1774–1776 Galician Court Chancellery
  • 1776–1782 United Bohemian-Austrian Court Chancellery
  • 1782–1792 United Hofstelle
  • 1792–1802 Galician Court Chancellery
  • 1802–1848 United Hofstelle
  • from 1848 various ministries

In 1786, the Bukowina was added as the Czernowitz district (later Bukowina district), until the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the district division was subject to repeated changes due to territorial gains and losses. For example, the Tarnopol and Czortkow districts had to be ceded to Russia from 1810 to 1815, as well as Western Galicia, the Zamość district and the narrow strip of land Podgórze near Kraków , which, however, could not be regained after being lost in 1809 at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

In 1817 there was finally the following division into 19 districts: Bochnia, Brzeżany, Bukowina (formerly Chernivtsi), Czortków, Jasło, Kolomea, Lemberg, Myślenice, Przemyśl, Rzeszów, Sandez (formerly Neu-Sandez), Sanok, Sambor, Stanislau, Stryj, Tarnopol , Tarnów, Złoczów and Żółkiew. These were each divided into further conscription sections.

After the dissolution of the Republic of Cracow on November 16, 1846, it came under Galician administration as the Cracow District from 1849.

Administration of Galicia between 1850 and 1867

After the revolution in 1849, there was another administrative reform in 1850, with Bukovina being spun off as an independent crown land from Galicia and the rest of the land divided into the three administrative districts of Lemberg , Stanislau and Krakow with 63 district authorities, but this division was changed again in April 1854 .

The country was subdivided into the administrative areas of Lemberg (East Galicia) and Krakow (West Galicia), the West Galician government area was subordinate to the state government in Krakow , the East Galician government area to the Lieutenancy of Lemberg . Each administrative area was divided into several districts and these in turn were divided into several districts, the city of Lviv itself was directly subordinate to the Lieutenancy in Lviv, the city of Krakow to the state government in Krakow:

Administrative division from 1867 to 1918

Administrative division of Galicia into districts in 1914

After the district offices had been abolished at the end of October 1865 and their competencies had been transferred to the district offices, the division into two halves of the country was given up again after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867 and Galicia was initially divided into 74 districts. In 1914 the following 82 districts finally existed:

  1. Biała District (Biala District)
  2. Bóbrka district
  3. Bochnia district
  4. Bohorodczany district
  5. Borszczów district
  6. Brody district
  7. Brzesko district
  8. Brzeżany District (Brzeżan District)
  9. Brzozów district
  10. Buczacz district
  11. Chrzanów district
  12. Cieszanów district
  13. Czortków district
  14. Dąbrowa district
  15. Dobromil district (until September 30, 1876 as Bircza district )
  16. Dolina district
  17. Drohobycz district
  18. Gorlice district
  19. Gródek Jagielloński district
  20. Grybów district
  21. Horodenka district
  22. Husiatyn district
  23. Jaroslau district
  24. Jasło district
  25. Jaworów district
  26. Kałusz district
  27. Kamionka Strumiłowa District
  28. Kolbuszowa district
  29. Kolomea district
  30. Kosów district
  31. Krakow district
  32. Krosno district
  33. Łańcut district
  34. Lviv District (Lwów)
  35. Limanowa district
  36. Lisko district
  37. Mielec district
  38. Mościska district
  39. Myślenice district
  40. Nadwórna district
  41. Nowy Sącz District (New Sandez District)
  42. Nowy Targ District (Neumarkt District)
  43. Nisko district
  44. Oświęcim District (Auschwitz District, since July 1, 1910)
  45. Peczeniżyn District (since June 15, 1898)
  46. Pilzno district
  47. Podgórze District (since September 15, 1896)
  48. Podhajce district
  49. Przemyśl district
  50. Przemyślany district
  51. Przeworsk District (since November 1, 1899)
  52. Radziechów District (since January 1, 1912)
  53. Rawa Ruska district
  54. Rohatyn district
  55. Ropczyce district
  56. Rudki district
  57. Rzeszów district
  58. Sambor district
  59. Sanok district
  60. Skałat district
  61. Skole district (since January 1, 1911)
  62. Śniatyn district
  63. Sokal district
  64. Stanislau district
  65. Stary Sambor district (until 1899 Staremiasto district)
  66. Stryi district
  67. Strzyżów District (since September 15, 1896)
  68. Tarnobrzeg district
  69. Tarnopol district
  70. Tarnów district
  71. Tłumacz district
  72. Trembowla district
  73. Turka district
  74. Wadowice district
  75. Wieliczka district
  76. Zaleszczyki district
  77. Zbaraż district
  78. Zborów District (since September 1, 1904)
  79. Złoczów district
  80. Żółkiew district
  81. Żydaczów district
  82. Żywiec District (Saybusch District)

After the end of Austrian rule over Galicia, the entire area finally came under Polish administration (later the Second Polish Republic ), after the end of the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War , Galicia was finally part of the four Krakow Voivodeships on September 1, 1921 , Lviv , Stanislau and Tarnopol .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jan Fellerer: Multilingualism in the Galician Administration (1772-1914) , Böhlau-Verlag, Vienna 2005, page 30
  2. ↑ according to Edicta et mandata universalia Regnis Galiciae et Lodomeriae
  3. ^ Rudolf A. Mark : Galicia under Austrian rule , Herder-Verlag, Marburg 1994, page 7ff.
  4. ↑ Jan Fellerer: Multilingualism in the Galician Administration (1772-1914) , Böhlau-Verlag, Vienna 2005, page 31ff.
  5. ↑ ACA Friederich, historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland; 1839, p. 60
  6. ^ Rudolf A. Mark: Galicia under Austrian rule . Herder-Verlag, Marburg 1994, pp. 3 and 4.
  7. ^ Joseph Marx von Liechtenstern : Handbook of the newest geography of the Austrian imperial state , Vienna 1817, p. 1090 ff.
  8. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of October 8, 1850, No. 383, page 1741
  9. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of April 24, 1854, No. 111, p. 400
  10. ↑ Franz Heinrich Ungewitter: The Austrian Monarchy, presented geographically, statistically, topographically and historically: with precise reference to the latest administrative and judicial organization of the crown lands, and with the most careful and detailed topography , Brno 1856, p. 149 ff.
  11. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of September 23, 1865, No. 92, page 305
  12. ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt of January 23, 1867, No. 17, page 35
  13. ↑ Brian J. Lenius: Genealogical Gazetteer of Galicia , 1999
  14. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of July 4, 1876, No. 93, p. 230
  15. ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt of May 31, 1910, No. 110, page 181
  16. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of May 18, 1898, No. 86, page 137
  17. ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt of August 5, 1896, No. 148, page 488
  18. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of October 10, 1899, No. 199, page 925
  19. ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt of December 6, 1911, No. 225, page 624
  20. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of November 13, 1910, No. 204, page 577
  21. ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt of August 5, 1896, No. 148, p. 488
  22. ↑ Reichsgesetzblatt of August 17, 1904, No. 88, page 190
  23. ↑ Dz.U. 1921 no 46 poz. 282

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