Strzyżów

Strzyżów
	Strzyżów
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Subcarpathian
Powiat :	Strzyżów
Gmina :	Strzyżów
Area :	13.93  km²
Geographic location :	49 ° 52 '  N , 21 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '4 "  N , 21 ° 47' 9"  E
Residents :	8919 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code :	38-100
Telephone code :	(+48) 17
License plate :	RSR
Economy and Transport
Street :	Krosno – Rzeszów
Next international airport :	Rzeszów-Jasionka

Strzyżów [ ˈstʃɨʒuf ] ( Yiddish Strizev , German Strezow; anciently also called Strzezow ) is a district town in southeastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the Powiat and the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 20,800 inhabitants.

geography

Strzyżów is located in the south of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship at the confluence of the Wisłok and Stobnica rivers . The city lies exactly between the two cities of Krosno and Rzeszów, which are important for the region (each about 22 km as the crow flies).

geology

The area around Strzyżów is located in the north of the Outer Eastern Carpathians , the so-called Forest Carpathians . The rolling hills, similar to the Waldviertel in Lower Austria, are characteristic of the area .

climate

The climate of Strzyżów is strongly influenced by the mountain region and the valley location of the city. This combination creates an incomparable microclimate in the area. Characteristic is the occurrence of temperature differences between the surrounding hill country and the city, with the temperature in the center of the city being several degrees lower than on the surrounding hills. In extreme cases this temperature difference can be up to 10 ° C. These extremes arise on clear and windless nights. In such a case, gravity causes the air masses to flow out towards Strzyżów and the air pollutants are accumulated. This phenomenon is particularly dangerous in winter, when the burning of coal and wood in households causes intense particulate matter emissions. The average air temperature in Strzyżów is 7.4 degrees Celsius, although the statistical average has been warmer in recent years. The consequences of global warming are more noticeable in Strzyżów than anywhere else: the average air temperature has increased by an average of 2 degrees Celsius over the past 50 years, with the greatest warming occurring in winter and spring. There is rainfall in Strzyżów on 157 days a year, with an average of 109 days of rain and 41 days of snow. Sleet occurs on average 7 days a year. There is a snow cover on average 64 days a year and it has an average height of 12 centimeters. The total annual precipitation is 705 millimeters, which is a lot for the Sub-Carpathian Mountains . The highest average rainfall is in December and the lowest in July. While the central and northern part of the Sub-Carpathian Mountains is dominated by westerly winds, southerly winds dominate in Strzyżów.

The area around Strzyżów is characterized by many sunny days, which means that the region is located in an area with great potential for generating electricity from solar energy. The sometimes very high wind speeds of 4 m / s at a height of 10 meters above the ground enable the expansion of wind energy. Wind conditions are particularly excellent in the cold season when the demand for energy is high. These excellent climatic conditions encourage the development of hybrid technologies in Strzyżów, namely the use of solar energy in summer and wind energy in autumn and winter.

history

Legend of the origin and prehistory

The legend about the origin of Strzyżów says that a pagan nobleman of the Wislanes had a watchtower built on the border of the Wislanen kingdom to protect his eastern possessions in the 9th century . This should stand exactly on the border with the kingdom of the Kievan Rus , where the river Stobnica flows into the Wisłok . This defensive structure was called Strzeżno, which is probably derived from the Polish word for "guard" ( strzec ). According to the legend, this was the beginning of Strzyżów. There is also the theory that the city name is derived from the Polish word "strzyc" ("shear", meaning "shear sheep"). But since it is a ford on a former border, the theory of the defense system is much more likely.

The onomastic explanation of the name derives the possessive name from the personal name of the presumed founder or first owner Strzeż or Strzyż. Such names were not officially confirmed until the first half of the 15th century, but the similar personal names Strzesz (1136, 1193, 1204, 1220), Strzeszko (1210), Strzeszek (1228) were mentioned as early as the 12th century .

Archaeological finds confirm a settlement on this site in the 12th and 13th centuries, but no watchtower. In contrast, traces of the ramparts were found in Grodzisko and Jazowa .

At the end of the 10th century, the area of ​​the extinct Wislan rulers came to the Polish Piast Empire . In the 11th century, the Polish King Bolesław the Brave left the territory to the Bogoria family in thanks for their military service. In 1185 Nicholas of Bogoria left part of the villages from his property to the Cistercian monastery in Koprzywnica . At that time Dobrzechów and Lubla were mentioned, and Dobrzechów became the seat of the parish, which included Strzyżów, which was first mentioned until 1335 1279.

First mentions

The first known documentary mention of Strzyżów comes from the year 1279. The papal legate Bishop Filip in Bud (Hungary) gave the abbot of the Cistercian order in Koprzywnica the right to collect taxes in Strzezow and Szugcz seu Sugez ( Czudec ). Later it was mentioned as Strzeschow (1373), Strzezow (1376, 1397, 1398, 1475), Strzessow (1419).

As early as the 13th century, Strzyżów had been robbed and set on fire by the Tatars three times (later also at the beginning of the 16th century). After this devastation, especially after taking the Rotrutheniens of Poland (1344) was the colonization of the region, including the settlement of German colonists (see also Forest German ).

The parish Strzyżów was first mentioned in 1335, and although originally among the oldest villages in the possession of Bogoria family.

Panoramic Strzyzów of Żarnowa from

city

It is not certain when exactly Strzyżów became a city. The first documentary confirmation for the town of Strzyżów comes from 1419. At that time the Vogt, councilor and aldermen were mentioned. In the years 1382 to 1402 an unidentified town called Schiltberg was mentioned, for example in this area, the place name of which could be a free translation of Strzyżów (compare the legend of the origin) (analogous to Ostrzeszów , German Schildberg in Greater Poland ). As early as 1400 there were the first students from Strzyżów at the Cracow University and in 1413 there were already 37. According to some researchers, the first demarcation of the city took place between 1373 and 1397, the second in 1480.

In 1373 Strzyżów passed from the Cistercians to the knight Wojtko Pakosza. He bequeathed the village to his sons, Jan and Mikołaj Strzeżowski (15th century). These have the Vulgonamen Strzeżowski adopted as the family name (in German about Jan and Mikołaj of Strzeżów ). After that, the city belonged to different families until the 20th century:

• the Świerczowski and Wielopolski families in the 16th century,
• Bączalski and Boner , Szczepiecki and then again to the Wielopolski family in the 17th century.
• the Radziwiłł family in the 18th century
• the noble families Starzeński , Skrzyński , Wołkowicki and Konopek in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Early modern age

View of Strzyżów from the north

In the 15th to 17th centuries the city had the following facilities: two marketplaces, three churches, a town hall, a bath, a hospital for the homeless, three mills, an inn, a vodka distillery, two breweries, a sugar factory, a parish school, a Customs office, two bridges, a fish pond. In Strzyżów, among other things, saltpeter, gunpowder and tents were produced. Around the city there was a defensive wall made of heaped earth. The street ul. Zawale (roughly translated as Wallstraße ) still exists today . There were many trade contacts with cities in Poland, Hungary and Slovakia. These were the times of great prosperity for the city with a lot of handicrafts and culture. There were eight different craft guilds in the city. The most famous were drapers, blacksmiths, and furriers . As early as the 15th century, Strzyżów was named along with 10 other cities in the region, which turned out to be particularly economically relevant.

A Jewish community has been known in Strzyżów since the 16th century. The first synagogue was not built until the 18th century. Today there is no longer a Jewish community in Strzyżów. There is now a library in the synagogue building.

In 1684 the Polish king allowed the city to hold four annual fairs a year. There were raids several times in the 17th and 18th centuries by Hungarians, Swedes and Russians. On August 15, 1769, under the image of the Immaculate Madonna in Strzyżów, the vow of the Confederation of Bar took place. This image was immortalized in the flag of the Confederation. 1772 the city fell to the first partition of Poland to Austria, where she became part of the Kingdom of Galicia , a part of Austria , and Austria-Hungary remained until 1918th

The opening of a school in 1796 contributed significantly to the development of the city. In the years 1794–1798, the paved Rzeszów – Strzyżów – Krosno road (today 988 Voivodship Road ) was built. In 1880 there were 930 Poles, 212 Jews and 185 German speakers among the town's inhabitants. In 1890 the Strzyżów – Rzeszów – Jasło railway line was established.

A total of nine major city fires are recorded in the city chronicle. After the last big city fire in 1895, the houses were rebuilt in stone. Nevertheless, the historic town center still consists to a large extent of one-story wooden houses.

Modern until 1945

Strzyżów has been part of Poland again since November 11, 1918.

1945 until today

From 1975 to 1998 Strzyżów was part of the Rzeszów Voivodeship . Since 1998 it has belonged to the Subcarpathian Voivodeship . In the 1960s and 1970s, many factories, businesses, schools and cultural institutions were built in Strzyżów.

Strzyżów was in the years 1896–1932 and 1954–1975 and has been a district town again since 1999 .

Incorporations

In 1925 the suburbs Przedmieście Żarnowskie and Przedmieście Dobrzechowskie were annexed to the city. In 1984 some villages that bordered the city were incorporated into the urban area.

Population development

As of 2006, the population was divided as follows:

• Total: 8,734 inhabitants, of which 4,193 male, 4,541 female.
• 0 to 14 year olds: 1,294 inhabitants
• Inhabitants of working age (15 to 59 year old women, 15 to 64 year old men) in total: 6,134 inhabitants
• Pensioners: 1,225 inhabitants

In 2006 there were 65 births and 66 deaths.

politics

coat of arms

The patron saint of the city is St. Michael . This can also be seen on the city's coat of arms. In his left hand he holds a pair of scales and a sword and his foot rests on the head of the defeated dragon. When Strzyżów received the status of a free royal town in the second half of the 19th century, a crown was added to the figure on the coat of arms.

Town twinning

• Lassee (Austria)
• Kisvárda (Hungary)
• Horodok (Ukraine)
• Bagnacavallo (Italy)
• Svidník (Slovakia)

The municipality is also a member of the European Charter - Villages of Europe , a group of rural municipalities from all 28 EU countries.

Culture and sights

Jewish cemeteries

Strzyżów has three Jewish cemeteries, one of them in ul. Przeckawczyka, opposite the former synagogue (today it houses the city library). It was opened in the late 16th or early 17th century, making it the oldest in Strzyżów. The cemetery is slightly outside the city and is now used as a park. There is no memorial plaque or anything similar to remind of the former cemetery.

The second cemetery at ul. Daszynskiego is also a bit outside and is also unmarked. It has no fencing and no public entrances. There are no tombstones to be seen here either. The cemetery was originally around 1000 m², about twice the size of the cemetery in ul. Przeckawczyka.

The third and last Jewish cemetery was located in ul. Wschodnia. It was probably first used around 1850 and was around 500 m² in size. A few tombstones can still be found today. The cemetery has not been restored and is left to decay. All three plots on which the cemeteries are located now belong to the Strzyżów Commune.

Theaters and cinemas

main square

There is a cinema with 306 seats. In 2006 there were 89 performances, 32 of which were Polish productions. The cinema is wheelchair accessible and was visited by 1314 people in 2006 (an average of 14.76 people per performance).

Museums

Strzyżów has a regional museum. In 2006 213 people visited it.

Buildings

• The library is housed in the former synagogue , which is still reminiscent of the interior design today.
• The parish church from 1401 in late Gothic style and baroque furnishings.
• The synagogue from the second half of the 18th century
• A protective tunnel from the Second World War (built 1940–1941) - southern facility
• A wooden Greek Catholic church in Bonarówka

Sports

There is a stadium, two sports halls, a tennis court, a ski lift and a ski jump in Strzyżów. There is also a shooting range and an indoor swimming pool as well as several health trails. There is a riding club in Glinik Zaborowski.

Regular events

There is a two-day military picnic in Żarnowa every year to commemorate the fighting on July 28, 1944. The battle scenes of the inhabitants of Żarnowa, a suburb of Strzyżów, are re-enacted against German troops. The inhabitants of Żarnowa were awarded the Polish Cross of Valor for securing the crossing at Wisłok .

Economy and Infrastructure

The city, located in the extremely structurally weak Voivodeship for Subcarpathia , is one of the poorest areas in Poland. Until Romania and Bulgaria joined the EU , this area was considered to be the poorest in the whole of the EU, together with the Lublin Voivodeship , which is also in the east of the country. In line with the average unemployment rate of around 15% (as of 2005), the infrastructure is also not fully developed. Many roads are unpaved or in poor condition. There is often no supply of running water via a public network and internet on a large scale, especially in rural areas.

Various organizations and institutions take care of the promotion and development of the region.

Agriculture and Forestry

Agriculture is underdeveloped, with more than two thirds of the farms owning and working less than five hectares . Many farms are therefore empty or are no longer being managed because they have become completely unprofitable since joining the EU due to their small area. Many farmers would like to sell their land but are unable to do so, as the land register was only introduced in Poland when it joined the EU and the cadastral registers , which go back to the time of the monarchy, were often not kept up to date. For this reason, there are many unresolved ownership claims that must be resolved before a sale.

There are 194 hectares of forest around Strzyżów, 109 hectares of which belong to the municipality.

Industry

The patron of the city: The Archangel Michael

The city has a sugar refinery that is operated by Südzucker and will be closed in 2019.

traffic

Strzyżów does not play a central role in the voivodeship's traffic. The provincial road 988, which runs through the city, is currently being improved and widened. This road connects Rzeszów with Krosno. The nearest international airport is Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport , which belongs to the city of Rzeszów. Public transport consists of a train line, taxis and various regional buses. The Liliputbahn, which is in operation from May to September, is a special feature. There are three different tours:

• Tour 1: House of Culture - Protection Tunnel - House of Culture
• Tour 2: House of Culture - Łętownia - House of Culture
• Tour 3: House of Culture - Protective Tunnel - Łętownia - House of Culture

media

Since 2004 the city has published its own magazine for its citizens called Waga i Miecz (in German: Libra and Sword - with reference to the coat of arms). In 2004 ten issues appeared, in 2005 six, in 2006 seven and in 2007 again ten issues. It is published by the association Towarzystwo Miłośników Ziemi Strzyżowskiej (in German: Lovers of the Earth around Strzyżów )

tourism

There are two hotels with a total of 58 overnight stays. The number of overnight stays in 2006 amounted to 1073 people, 57 of them from abroad. There are several campsites in Strzyżów.

There are two hiking trails: the so-called green trail that leads from Krosno via the castle in Kamieniec to Strzyżów and the black trail that leads from Babica to Pasmo Brzeżanki, where it turns into the green trail.

Public facilities

• Strzyżów runs a large library with six branches.
• The city has an outpatient clinic and a large hospital.
• The House of Culture , founded in 1910, includes the cinema, a hall for 50 and 120 people, a ballet hall, an exhibition hall, work rooms for various artistic associations and clubs and a kitchen. The municipal music school is located on the top floor.
• There is a trust hotline for the citizens of Strzyżów and a counseling center in which a psychologist, sociologist, teacher, pedagogue, police officer and lawyer are on duty.
• Strzyżów is a member of the Charter of European Agricultural Communities and hosted the 2010 Charter Members' Meeting.

education

There are two elementary schools and one grammar school in Strzyżów, a general education liceum and several vocational trainers, including one for landscape planning and one for forestry and wood technology . In addition, several vocational schools and a secondary academy with two fields of study (computer science and tourism). There are also two music schools (one municipal and one state) and a school for special education in Strzyżów.

local community

Bridge over the Wislok

The urban and rural community Strzyżów covers an area of ​​140.23 km² and is divided into the Sołectwo ( school offices) in addition to the main town of the same name :

→ Main article : Gmina Strzyżów

sons and daughters of the town

• Leo Bendel (1868–1940), German art collector and Holocaust victim
• Józef Andrzej Dąbrowski CSMA (* 1967), Polish-Canadian bishop

literature

• The Book of Strzyzow and Vicinity, ISBN 978-0-657-14230-8
• The Memorial Books of Polish Jewry, ISBN 978-0-253-21187-3

Web links

Commons : Strzyżów  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• current pictures on the official website of the city
• Official website of the city (German, pl., English)
• Website of the European Charter for regional agricultural communities (Engl.)
• The Book of Strzyzow and Vicinity Excerpts from the book online
• About the former Jewish community in Strzyżów (Engl.)
• Old views of the city on jewishgen.org (Engl.)
• Polish Wikipedia, Gmina Strzyżów and Strzyżów (Polish WP)
• Polish Statistical Office (pl., English)
• Statistical data on the Jewish population (Engl.)
• Jewish cemeteries in Strzyżów (Engl.)

Footnotes

1. ↑ ^{a b} A. Myszka: Słownik toponimów powiatu strzyżowskiego . Rzeszów 2006, p. 28 (Polish, online [PDF]).
2. ↑ Antoni Lubelczyk: Ziemia Strzyżowska od wczesnego średniowiecza po połowę XVI wieku w świetle źródeł archeologicznych . Markuszowa 2015, p. 72 (Polish, online [PDF]).
3. ↑ Feliks Kiryk: Miasta małopolskie w średniowieczu i czasach nowożytnych . AVALON, Kraków 2013, ISBN 978-83-7730-303-0 , p. 37 (Polish, online [PDF]).
4. ↑ Stefan Mateszew: [Recenzja] Alicja Orzechowska, Nazwy miejscowe dawnego powiatu pilzneńskiego (...) . 1975, p. 402 (Polish, krakow.pl [PDF]).
5. ↑ See www.strzyzow.pl ( Memento of the original dated December 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Südzucker closes five plants.
7. ↑ See www.europeancharter.eu
8. ↑ www.europeancharter.eu  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.