Bagnacavallo

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Bagnacavallo
coat of arms
Bagnacavallo (Italy)
Bagnacavallo
Country Italy
region Emilia-Romagna
province Ravenna  (RA)
Local name Bagnacavàl
Coordinates 44 ° 25 ′  N , 11 ° 59 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  N , 11 ° 59 ′ 0 ″  E
height 12  m slm
surface 79 km²
Residents 16,687 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 211 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 48012
prefix 0545
ISTAT number 039002
Popular name Bagnacavallesi
Patron saint San Michele (September 29th)
Website Bagnacavallo

Bagnacavallo (Bagnacavàl in Romagna dialect) is a municipality with 16,714 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018) in the province of Ravenna , Romagna . It is 55 km from Bologna and 30 km from the sea.

Bagnacavallo maintains partnerships with the German municipality of Neresheim in Baden-Württemberg (since 1994), the Polish city of Strzyżów in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 2006) and the French municipality of Aix-en-Othe in the Grand Est region (since 2012).

Location and dates

In addition to the core city, Bagnacavallo consists of the districts Villanova, Villa Prati, Traversara, Rossetta, Glorie, Masiera and Masiera. The neighboring municipalities are: Alfonsine , Cotignola , Faenza , Fusignano , Lugo , Ravenna and Russi .

Early middle ages

In the early Middle Ages Bagnacavallo was called "castrum Tiberiacum" (Anastasio Bibliotecario, in the year 756). The castrum was part of the line of defense built by the Byzantines to defend the border with the Lombard area. The surrounding land consisted for the majority of swamps and forest floors. The few documents from this period actually mention a "magnum forestum".

In the 7th century the pieve "San Pietro in Sylvis" was built: the name proves that it was built nearby on the border with a forest (Silva in Latin). In 744 the Lombard king Liutprando donated 200 hectares to the Bishop of Faenza in the "magnum forestum". Bagnacavallo, now part of the diocese of Faenza, was in the middle of this area.

Origin of the current name

The word balneocaballum ( Latin for "bathing horses"), which was quoted for the first time in the 10th century, refers to the former river bed of the Senio river in the stretch of today's Via Albergone. The river crossed the core area of ​​the municipality, hence the place name mentioned the presence of a ford. To cross the ford it was necessary to get the mounts wet. According to legend, the name comes from a medicinal spring that is said to have healed the beloved warhorse of Emperor Tiberius . This is what the motto in the coat of arms refers to, “Ingredior rhoebus, cyllaros egredior” (“Ill I come in, I come out healthy”).

After the year 1000, the definitive toponym "castrum Bagnacaballi" appeared.

From the 9th and 10th centuries the soil was drained. This restored the Romanesque limitation and improved the road connection with Faenza. This was made easier by the fact that at that time there was already a straight road from Faenza to Bagnacavallo ( kardo maximus, today the “Naviglio” road).

Late Middle Ages

From the 11th to the 13th century, the landgraves "Malvicini" or ("Malabocca") dominated. During this time the canal port was built in the former river bed of the Senio River and a tower in the area of ​​the main entrance to the city. Among the few reports from this period, a sarcastic comment by Dante Alighieri is noteworthy. In his Divine Covenant he writes “Well do Bagnacaval, no longer reproduce” (Läuterungsberg, XIV, 115). He is looking forward to the extinction of the Malvicini dynasty.

From 1308 to 1329 the Counts of Cunio claimed Bagnacavallo and the city became the property of the Holy See. The counts built the fortress and surrounded the city with a moat.

In 1375, the condottiere Giovanni Acuto , who was then working for the Papal States , confiscated the city as compensation because he was not paid for his service. Six years later (1381) he sold it to Niccolò II d'Este . In 1394 the d'Este family gave the city to the Da Polenta family from Ravenna on behalf of the Holy See. In 1440 Pope Eugenio IV gave it to Niccolò III d'Este .

20th century

During the Second World War, during the time of German occupation, some displaced Jewish families from Rijeka found shelter while trying to reach Switzerland . Antonio Dalla Valle and the Tambini family distinguished themselves through this act of solidarity. On April 28, 1974, the Yad Vashem Institute from Jerusalem awarded Antonio Dalla Valle and the couple Aurelio and Aurelia Tambini and their children Vincenzo and Rosina with the Righteous Among the Nations .

Attractions

The old town of Bagnacavallo, with its medieval floor plan and several frescoed palaces from the 17th and 18th centuries, is well preserved.

  • Piazza Nuova (Neuplatz) - elliptical square from the 18th century. It is surrounded by an arcade consisting of 30 round arches . It was established in 1758 as a trading center, seat for butchers, fish markets and oil shops.
  • Il Castellaccio - The palace was built by the Malvicini family in the 15th century. It is the oldest palace in the city.
  • Piazza della Libertà (Freedom Square) - the municipality's main square with a view of the Carlo Goldoni Theater and the 17th century town hall.
  • Torre Civica (Citizen's Tower) - 35 meters high tower located in Piazza della Libertà. The tower was built from stone walls in the 13th century and the clock was added to the facade in the 16th century . It was used as a prison from the 18th to the 19th century. The most famous prisoner was the outlaw Stefano Pelloni , who became known under the name " Il Passatore ".
  • Convento di San Francesco (Monastery of San Francesco) - The 13th century monastery contains the 18th century church and cloister. Nowadays the buildings belong to the country and are used as an inn and for events.
  • · Chiesa San Michele Arcangelo (Church of Saint Michael the Archangel) - The church on Piazza della Libertà was built in the 12th century by Count Malvicino and is now in Baroque style . In the church there is the altarpiece painted by Bartolomeo Ramenghi "Cristo in gloria coi Santi Michele, Pietro, Giovanni Battista e Bernardino" from the 16th century.
  • Chiesa di San Giovanni (Church of Saint John) - The church is located in Via Garibaldi and was built in the 14th century. After the earthquake in 1688, it was rebuilt in the baroque style. In the church there are paintings by the painter Giuseppe Marchetti from Forlì .
  • Pieve di San Pietro in Sylvis (Parish Saint Peter in Sylvis) - The parish was built at the end of the 7th century and is now two kilometers west of the parish. The place was already visited in Roman times for its healing waters. The parish is one of the best preserved parishes in the Ravenna area. The interior contains arched friezes and pilasters without capitals . The altar contains marbles from the 6th century.

Natural area

Podere Pantaleone ( Gutshof Pantaleone) is a protected forest area that is six hectares in size. The farm was used for agriculture until the 1950s. Since 1987 it has been a nature reserve for ecology and the environment . Over the decades, the unspoilt nature has produced an interesting habitat , a reference to the ancient Romagna fields. In the Pantaleone manor you can observe the typical flora and fauna of the Po Valley , which is almost extinct elsewhere .

Museums
  • Ecomuseo delle Erbe Palustri eco-museum in Villanova di Bagnacavallo. The museum aims to restore knowledge about the processing of marsh herbs from the 15th century in Villanova.

Other things worth knowing

  • The English poet Lord George Gordon Byron was in Bagnacavallo in 1821. His daughter Allegra Byron died on April 20, 1822 in the monastery "San Giovanni" in Bagnacavallo.
  • After the Second World War, the painting “Madonna di Bagnacavallo” was found in the Capuchin monastery in Bagnacavallo . In 1961 it was recognized by Roberto Longhi as a work of art by Albrecht Dürer .

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Bagnacavallo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ List of town twinning on the town's website (Italian)
  3. ↑ GRIFO.org | Bagnacavallo | La storia di Bagnacavallo (RA). Retrieved June 5, 2020 .
  4. ^ Romagna d'Este: Bagnacavallo: Ospitalità Dove dormire. Retrieved June 4, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Podere Pantaleone: aperta l'oasi naturale dove ammirare animali, fiori rari e alberi secolari - News - Città e territorio - Comune di Bagnacavallo. Retrieved June 4, 2020 .
  6. ^ Associazione Culturale Erbe Palustri | Villanova di Bagnacavallo. Retrieved June 4, 2020 (it-IT).
  7. ^ Villanova di Bagnacavallo | Emilia-Romagna Turismo. Retrieved June 4, 2020 (Italian).
  8. ^ Romagna d'Este: Bagnacavallo: Scopri il territorio Personaggi, storia, tradizioni. Retrieved June 4, 2020 .