Abū ʿInān Fāris

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From the founding inscription of the madrasa : The Sultan Abū ʿInān, the commander of the believers who trusts in the Lord of the Worldsالسلطان أبو عنان أمير المؤمنين المتوكل على رب العالمين
Entrance to the lecture hall

Abū ʿInān Fāris ( Arabic أبو عنان فارس; born in Fez in 1329 ; died 1358 ) was the eleventh Sultan of the Merinids in Morocco (1348-1359).

Abū ʿInān Fāris was already active as governor in Tlemcen during the lifetime of his father Abu l-Hasan (Sultan 1331-1351) . After learning of the disastrous outcome of his father's campaign in Ifrīqiya , he was proclaimed ruler in Tlemcen on June 28, 1348, on the assumption that his father would not have survived the defeat. But this managed to flee to Morocco, so that there were internal battles within the dynasty, in which Abū ʿInān was able to prevail against his father. Critical to the success of his uprising was the support he received from the Husainid sherif of Sabta . After the death of his father, he was widely recognized as a ruler.

Abū ʿInān already assumed the title Amīr al-muminīn ("Commander of the Believers") during the revolt against his father, following the example of the first caliphs . With this title he immortalized himself in the founding inscription of the madrasa Bū ʿInānīya in Fez, named after him . Like his father, he tried to unite the Maghreb under the rule of the Merinids. In 1352 Tlemcen and Bougie were recaptured by the Abdalwadids . In 1358 he succeeded in entering Tunis , but had to flee to Morocco when the Arab auxiliary troops refused to pay homage to him.

Abū ʿInān was a great patron of art and culture and gathered poets and scholars at his court. On his behalf the poet Mohammed Ibn Juzaj wrote down the experiences of the great traveler Ibn Battuta in the form of a report. Abū ʿInān completed the buildings his father had tackled in Algeria , Meknes and Fez and had the imposing madrasa Bū ʿInānīya built in Fez, where Ibn Khaldun also taught. As can be seen from Ibn Juzaj's preface to Ibn Battūta's travelogue, he regularly organized large banquets across the country on the night of the prophet's birthday .

In Morocco he was overthrown in 1358 by a conspiracy by high dignitaries at court and strangled on his sickbed by one of his viziers . In the following power struggles was u. a. also involved Ibn Chaldun, who then had to leave the country. The wattasid dynasty gained in the following years as viziers dominant position in Morocco and had a decisive influence on the import and dismissal of the sultans.

literature

  • Herman L. Beck: L 'image d'Idrīs II, ses descendants de Fās et la politique s̱ẖarīfienne des sultans marīnides 656-869 / 1258-1465. Brill, Leiden, 1989. pp. 174-187.
  • Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .
  • G. Marçais: Art. "Abū ʿInān Fāris" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. I, pp. 129b-130a.
  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Brill, suffering. Vol. 6, p. 571: List of the Merinids.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Cf. Beck: L 'image d'Idrīs II . 1989, p. 174.
  2. ↑ Cf. Beck: L 'image d'Idrīs II . 1989, p. 174.
  3. ↑ Cf. Beck: L 'image d'Idrīs II . 1989, p. 178.
  4. ↑ See NJG Kaptein: Muḥammad's Birthday Festival. Early History in the Central Muslim Lands and Development in the Muslim West until the 10th / 16th Century . Suffering u. a .: Brill 1993. p. 107.
personal data
SURNAME Abū ʿInān Fāris
ALTERNATIVE NAMES أبو عنان فارس (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sultan of the Merinids in Morocco
DATE OF BIRTH 1329
PLACE OF BIRTH Fez
DATE OF DEATH 1358