Cilician fir
| Cilician fir | ||||||||||||
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Cilician fir ( Abies cilicica ) |
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| Abies cilicica | ||||||||||||
| ( Ant. & Kotschy ) Carrière |
The Cilician fir ( Abies cilicica ), also Zilizische fir called, is a plant of the genus of fir ( Abies ) in the family of Pinaceae (Pinaceae). It occurs in Asia Minor and West Asia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Kilikian fir is a vigorous, almost pyramidal tree that reaches heights of 25 to 30 meters and a chest height of 75 to 210 centimeters. The bark is ash gray and initially smooth. Deep cracks later appear and flaky plates form. The bark of young twigs is reddish yellow-gray to olive-green.
The egg-shaped buds are red-brown, resinless and have a diameter of 1 to 1.8 millimeters. The flexible needles , twisted at the base, are up to 4 centimeters long and have a mostly rounded, non-piercing tip that can be divided into two parts. They are dark green on the top and whitish-green on the underside. Two to three wide, white-gray stomatal stripes run on the underside .
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is in May. The reddish-brown, cylindrical cones are 15 to 30 centimeters long and 4 to 6 centimeters thick. The winged, reddish-brown seed is about 2 inches long. The seeds ripen from September to October.
Occurrence
The Cilician fir occurs in Asia Minor and West Asia in the Taurus Mountains , Anti-Taurus , Amanos and Lebanon Mountains at altitudes of 1000 to 2100 meters.
Mild, rainy winters and dry, hot summers dominate the locations. The species prefers calcareous soils, but also grows on sandstone soils when there is high rainfall. In the Taurus it forms large-scale pure stands or mixed stands with the Lebanon cedar ( Cedrus libani ). In the Amanos Mountains, mixed stands with the oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis ) occur above 1900 meters , which can be found mainly on south and west slopes. There are other associations with the stinking juniper .
use
In Central Europe it is planted as an ornamental wood that is endangered by late frost .
Systematics
The first description of this species was in 1853 by Franz Antoine and Theodor Kotschy under the name Pinus cilicica Antoine & Kotschy in the Oesterreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt , 3, p. 409. Élie Abel Carrière placed it under the name Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière in the genus Abies in Traité gén. conif. , 1855, 229. The Cilician fir is assigned to the Abies section within the genus of firs ( Abies ) .
Of Abies cilicica there are two subspecies:
- Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière subsp. cilicica
- Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica Coode & Cullen occurs in the Taurus region of Isauria .
Hazard and protection
The Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica is classified as “not endangered” in the IUCN Red List . The Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica is listed as "low risk". For both subspecies it is stated that a new risk assessment is necessary.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Abies cilicica. In: The Gymnosperm Database. January 22, 2011, accessed on November 4, 2011 (Description section).
- P. Schütt, HJ Schuck, B. Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species. Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Entry in the Gymnosperm Database (English) accessed on July 31, 2010
- ^ Entry on Germplasm Resources Information Network . Retrieved December 18, 2010
- ↑ Entry of the subsp. cilicica in the IUCN Red List accessed on July 31, 2010
- ↑ Entry of the subsp. isaurica in the IUCN Red List accessed on July 31, 2010
