Vocational training with high school diploma
Vocational training with Abitur (abbreviation: BmA ) was an educational path opened in the GDR since 1959 for the simultaneous achievement of the full, unrestricted higher education entrance qualification ( Abitur ) and a skilled worker certificate within three years following the previously very successfully attended 10th grade of the polytechnic high school ( POS).
A similar model has been offered in Berlin since 2003 and in Saxony since 2011. The training period is four years.
Course
Introduced vocational training with high school with the law on the socialist development of education in the German Democratic Republic on 2 December 1959th
The BmA served primarily as preparation for technical courses. Potential students should already be trained in the relevant subject in order to be able to complete their later studies more quickly and with better results and thus be better prepared for professional life. The controlling influence of the state in the selection of the students for the BmA was far less than in the access to the Extended Oberschule (EOS), since the respective vocational school or the provider company alone decided on the access. Because of this, there were significantly fewer ideological distortions in the selection of future high school graduates. The educational path was known and sought after for its quality, as the Abitur and a skilled worker apprenticeship were completed within three years. The availability of places was limited and amounted to about five percent of the students in a year. Many apprenticeships could only be learned at a few companies, so that apprentices from all over the GDR came to this training company. Accommodation in in-house apprentice boarding schools (apprentice dormitory - LWH) was therefore often offered.
The combined training was offered in special classes at vocational schools in large companies. The demands placed on the trainees were - compared to the training at the EOS or at the usual vocational schools - mostly greater, because the knowledge and skills for a high school diploma and for a skilled worker training had to be acquired in a short time. The apprentices received a monthly apprenticeship wage, which increased during the three school and apprenticeship years. Company performance bonuses could also be granted for good performance.
The central written final examinations of the BmA were identical to the maturity examination of the two-year EOS and the skilled worker examination of the usually two-year vocational school. The practical training was shortened. In the subsequent course of study, the previous professional training often shortened the duration of the study, as internships relevant to the degree had to be completed less due to the existing professional training.
Lessons, system of subjects
Compared to the Abitur at EOS, the BmA's timetable was extended to three years and slightly restricted. Depending on the desired occupation, there were classes with either geography or biology. Art education and music education were omitted. There were also no lessons in astronomy. As a counterpart to the concept of scientific-practical work (wpA) at EOS, there was the so-called scientific-practical work (wpT), so that the BmA was able to stand out from regular skilled worker training and the focus on university studies was emphasized. In general education, the material was taught according to the same curricula as at EOS, which, due to the reduced number of hours, required increased initiative in self-study.
General education usually comprised 1917 hours, divided into the so-called system of subjects in the following number of hours: German language and literature 198, Russian 234, second foreign language 198 or 288 if pupils without the necessary prior knowledge required special support, mathematics 324 , Physics 198, Chemistry 162, Biology or Geography 63, Citizenship 99, History 108 and Sports 198. The theoretical classes lasted 648 and 576 hours, depending on whether geography or biology was taught. The practical training took place around 260 days a year. In addition, there was pre-military training and medical training through the Society for Sport and Technology .
Timetable for classes with geography lessons
| 1st year of apprenticeship | 2nd year of apprenticeship | 3rd year of apprenticeship | |
| German language | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| Russian | 3 |
2 |
2
|
| 2. Foreign language | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| mathematics | 3 |
3 |
4th
|
| physics | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| chemistry | 2 |
1 |
2
|
| biology | - |
- |
-
|
| geography | - |
1 |
1
|
| history | 3 |
- |
-
|
| Citizenship | 1 |
1 |
1
|
| Sports | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| occupational theory lessons | 7th |
11 |
-
|
| Advanced teaching | 1 |
1 |
1
|
| Weekly hours | 28 |
28 |
19th
|
Timetable for classes with biology lessons
| 1st year of apprenticeship | 2nd year of apprenticeship | 3rd year of apprenticeship | |
| German language | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| Russian | 3 |
2 |
2
|
| 2. Foreign language | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| mathematics | 3 |
3 |
4th
|
| physics | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| chemistry | 2 |
1 |
2
|
| biology | 1 |
2 |
1
|
| geography | - |
- |
-
|
| history | 3 |
- |
-
|
| Citizenship | 1 |
1 |
1
|
| Sports | 2 |
2 |
2
|
| occupational theory lessons | 6th |
10 |
-
|
| Advanced teaching | 1 |
1 |
1
|
| Weekly hours | 28 |
28 |
19th
|
rhythm
In contrast to the GDR's general education school, Saturday was not a day of instruction at the BmA. The current school holidays for POS and EOS were not valid, so that during these non-teaching times, apart from the statutory holiday entitlement of 24 days, the company worked continuously.
Normally, in the first and second year of the apprenticeship, general education and occupational theory classes took place four days a week, while practical work classes took up one day of the week. In the third year of the apprenticeship, three days were given to theoretical lessons and the practical section took up two days. Alternatively, the Ministry of Public Education also allowed larger blocks, e.g. B. eight days to two days and the like.
After the second year of the apprenticeship, the extensive skilled worker exam took place. After the third year of the apprenticeship, the final examination took place.
Abitur with vocational training
In the 1960s, vocational training was carried out at the extended secondary schools (EOS) in the GDR at the same time as preparation for the Abitur. Initially, two days a week were planned for this in the training company. As this was too complex from an organizational point of view, from 1963 onwards the rhythm was changed to 3 weeks in school and one week in the company.
At the end of the 1960s, the school system was changed. Since entry into the EOS was now also possible for particularly good POS students from the 11th grade in addition to the 9th grade, there was no room for vocational training.
Federal Republic of Germany
As part of model experiments, attempts have been made in some federal states since 2000 to rebuild the possibility of combining vocational training with the acquisition of the Abitur.
In the state of Berlin, the pilot project was permanently established on the basis of positive experience from Deutsche Telekom at the upper level center for information and medical technology in Berlin-Neukölln.
In various professions, upper-level centers also offer opportunities to acquire the technical college entrance qualification (“Fachabitur”) parallel to vocational training.
Source
- Decrees and notifications of the Ministry for National Education of the German Democratic Republic, 1953–1989
- Decrees and notifications of the Ministry for National Education and the State Secretariat for Vocational Education and Training of the German Democratic Republic, 1970–1989
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.oszimt.de/ueber-uns/presse/pressespiegel/initiativpreis.html ; http://www.bildungsmarkt-sachsen.de/ausbildung/ausbildung_aktuell/abitur-und-lehre-modellversuch.php
- ^ Law on the socialist development of the school system in the German Democratic Republic of December 2, 1959
- ^ Bundesregierung.de - Vocational Training East and West ( Memento from September 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive )