Ableism

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Ableism ( listen ? / I ) and disablism are two social science concepts that differ from the English terms ableism and disablism ( able = able, to disable = incapable, hinder disabled = handicapped, disability = handicap suffix - ism = -ism ) from the area of ​​the US disability movement or disability studies . Audio file / audio sample

The term ableism describes the assessment of people based on their abilities as hostile to disabled people . People with disabilities would be devalued for lack of certain skills. This could result in discrimination or social prejudice against people with disabilities .

Ableism and disablism are related to the term handicapism , the term physicalism is used synonymously.

Discrimination against people who have a mental disorder or are threatened by it is also called mentalism.

Definitions

Citing earlier work, Fiona A. Kumari Campbell, Senior Lecturer in Disability Studies at Griffith University in Brisbane , Australia , confirms that the concept of ableism is not clearly defined in the literature and that it has "limited definitional or conceptual specificity". She defines ableism as:

“A network of beliefs, processes and practices that creates a special kind of self and body ( physical standard ) and is projected as perfect, typical of the species and therefore essential and completely human. Disability is then an inferior state of being human. "

Other definitions of ableism, such as that of Vera Chouinard (Professor of Geography at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario , Canada ) define it as "ideas, practices, institutions and social relationships that, starting from the non-disabled, people with disabilities as marginalized and Constructed largely invisible others. Ron Amundson (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawai'i at Hilo ) and Gayle Taira define ableism as "a doctrine that falsely treats impairments as inherently and naturally horrific, and which limits themselves to the problems people face, blaming them. "

Harpur ( Research Associate at Griffith University) argues that the term ableism is a powerful label, able to change the meaning of negative stereotypes and focus attention on the discriminator (rather than the victim or impairment) facilitate cultural change.

Ableism and Disablism

Discrimination against people with disabilities is also called disablism . Gregor Wolbring, Assistant Professor in the "Community Health Service" department at the " University of Calgary " ( Canada ) declares disablism to be the "companion" of ableism:

“In its general form, Ableism is a bundle of beliefs, processes and practices that, based on one's own abilities, generate a special kind of understanding of the self, the body and the relationships with conspecifics, other species and one's own environment and closes the perception by others one. Ableism is based on a preference for certain abilities that are projected as essential, while at the same time the real or perceived deviation or lack of these essential abilities is labeled as a diminished state of being, which often leads to accompanying disableism , the discriminatory, suppressive or insulting behavior that from the belief that people without these 'essential' abilities are inferior to others. "

Fiona Campbell also distinguishes between disablism and ableism. According to her, disablism has traditionally been the focus of research in the field of disability studies. Disablism promotes the unequal treatment of the (physically) disabled versus non-disabled. He marks the disabled (distanced) as the other and works from the perspective of people without disabilities.

See also

literature

  • Ron Amundson, Gayle Taira: Our Lives and Ideologies: The Effects of Life Experience on the Perceived Morality of the Policy of Physician-Assisted Suicide . (PDF) In: Journal of Policy Studies . 16, No. 1, 2005, pp. 53-57.
  • Tobias Buchner, Lisa Pfahl, Boris Traue: On the criticism of skills. Ableism as a new research perspective in Disability Studies and its partners. In: Journal for Inclusion. 2/2015 ( open access )
  • Fiona A. Kumari Campbell: Inciting Legal Fictions: Disability Date with Ontology and the Ableist Body of the Law . In: Griffith Law Review . 10, No. 1, 2001, pp. 42-62.
  • Fiona A. Kumari Campbell: Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness . Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ISBN 978-0-230-57928-6 .
  • Fiona A. Kumari Campbell: Refusing Able (ness): A Preliminary Conversation about Ableism . In: M / C Journal . 11, No. 3, 2008.
  • Mike Clear: The "Normal" and the Monstrous in Disability Research . In: Disability & Society . 14, No. 4, 1999, pp. 435-448.
  • Pat Griffin, Madelaine L. Peters, Robin M. Smith: Ableism Curriculum Design . In: Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, Pat Griffin (Eds.): Teaching for diversity and social justice , 2nd. Edition, Volume 1, Taylor & Francis, 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-95199-9 .
  • Thomas Hehir: Eliminating Ableism in Education . In: Lauren I. Katzman (ed.): Special education for a new century  (= Harvard educational review), Volume 41. Harvard Educational Review, 2005, ISBN 978-0-916690-44-1 .
  • Yoshitaka Iwasaki, Jennifer Mactavish: Ubiquitous Yet Unique: Perspectives of People with Disabilities on Stress . In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin . 48, No. 4, 2005, pp. 194-208. doi : 10.1177 / 00343552050480040101 .
  • Laura E. Marshak, Claire J. Dandeneau, Fran P. Prezant, Nadene A. L'Amoreaux: The School Counselor's Guide to Helping Students with Disabilities  (= Jossey-Bass teacher). John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-17579-8 .
  • Thorsten Merl: insufficiently capable. To create difference in the lessons of inclusive school classes. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt, 2019, ISBN 978-3-7815-5725-3 .
  • Rebecca Maskos: What does Ableism mean? In: arranca! No. 43, 2010.
  • Gregor Wolbring: The Convergence of the Governance of Science and Technology with the Governance of Ableism. University of Calgary, Canada 2009 ( ucalgary.academia.edu ).
  • Ivan Eugene Watts, Nirmala Erevelles: These Deadly Times: Reconceptualizing School Violence by Using Critical Race Theory and Disability Studies . In: American Educational Research Journal . 41, No. 2, 2004, pp. 271-299.
  • Paul Miller, Sophia Parker, Sarah Gillinson: Disablism: How to tackle the last prejudice . Demos, London 2004, ISBN 1-84180-124-0 (English, experiences of people with disabilities).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The term ableism in the encyclopedia on the page of the Action Courage against right-wing violence of the Amadeu Antonio Foundation and the star , accessed on January 17, 2012.
  2. ↑ Leah Carola Czollek, Gudrun Perko, Heike Weinbach: Handbook Social Justice and Diversity. Theories, training, methods, exercises (PDF; 711 kB), worksheet 5.2 C. Juventa, Weinheim / Munich 2012. Accessed on January 19, 2012.
  3. ^ Gregor Wolbring: The convergence of the governance of science and technology with the governance of "Ableism". (PDF; 223 kB). In: Technology Assessment - Theory and Practice. No. 2 September 2009, p. 30. Accessed January 19, 2011.