Acanthephippium

Acanthephippium
	Acanthephippium javanicum , illustration
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Collabieae
Genre :	Acanthephippium
Scientific name
	Acanthephippium
	flower

Acanthephippium is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). The thirteen species are widespread in Southeast Asia.

description

The species of this genus form closely spaced shoots with limited growth. The thick roots are surrounded by a velamen that is seven to 13 cell layers thick. The stem axis is thickened to form cylindrical pseudobulbs . These consist of several internodes and have three to four leaves in the upper area . The leaf stalks form a pseudo stem for a few centimeters above the shoot. The leaves are oblong-oval, thin and folded along the numerous protruding leaf veins .

The upright inflorescence appears laterally from the base of the stem axis. It is already fully developed when the leaf-bearing shoot just appears. The inflorescence is racemose and only a few inches long. The resupinated flowers are urn-shaped, the three sepals form a largely closed shape. The upper sepal is free, while the two sides at their base are fused with the column and form a bulge (mentum). The lateral petals are free, much narrower than the outer petals and almost entirely hidden within the flower. The lip is three-lobed, the side lobes are turned up, the middle lobe is bent down. The lip is also hidden within the petals except for the middle lobe. In the middle of the lip there is a callus consisting of several keels. At the base, the lip is attached to the column in a very narrow and flexible manner. The base of the column itself is extended to form a "column foot" on which the lip attaches and which forms a protuberance with the sepals. The column is winged towards the top and the stamen contains eight pollinia .

The flower stalks stretch until the capsule fruits ripen. The cigar-shaped capsules stand upright.

distribution

The species of the genus Acanthephippium are distributed from the southern edge of the Himalayas over southern China, all of Indochina to Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Fiji and New Caledonia. A disjoint area is located in southern India and Sri Lanka. One species is also found on Taiwan and the Nansei Islands.

They grow in the shade of ever-humid forests in locations that are well supplied with nutrients and water. You can find them at altitudes of 400 to 1400 meters.

Systematics

Within the subfamily Epidendroideae , the genus Acanthephippium was classified by Dressler in the tribe Arethuseae and there in the subtribe Bletiinae . However, recent studies have found a closer relationship with genera such as Calanthe and Phaius . This group of genera can be summarized in the tribe Collabieae .

The name published by Blume was Acanth o phippium , which, however, is viewed by some authors as a typographical error. Type species is Acanthephippium javanicum .

Blossom of Acanthephippium mantinianum

The following types are known:

Acanthephippium bicolor Lindl. , Southern tip of India, Sri Lanka, New Guinea.
Acanthephippium chrysoglossum Schltr. , Sumatra.
Acanthephippium curtisii Rchb.f. , Borneo.
Acanthephippium eburneum Kraenzl. , Sumatra and Borneo.
Acanthephippium gougahensis (Guillaumin) Seidenf. , Thailand and Vietnam.
Acanthephippium javanicum flower , Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea.
Acanthephippium lilacinum J.J. Wood & CL Chan in CL Chan. & al. , Borneo.
Acanthephippium mantinianum L. Linden & Cogn. , Philippines.
Acanthephippium parviflorum Hassk. , Vietnam, Sumatra and Java.
Acanthephippium pictum Fukuy. : From the Sakishima Islands to Taiwan.
Acanthephippium splendidum J.J.Sm. : From Sulawesi to New Guinea and the islands in the southwestern Pacific.
Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. , widespread from the Himalayas to Java.
Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl. , widespread from Sikkim to the Philippines.

supporting documents

Jim B. Comber (1990): Orchids of Java . P. 89f. Bentham-Moxon Trust, RBG Kew. ISBN 0-947643-21-4
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 4/1: Epidendroidae (Part one) . Oxford University Press, 2005. pp. 117-120. ISBN 0-19-850712-7

Individual evidence

^ Robert L. Dressler (1993): Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. 186. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45058-6
↑ Cassio van den Berg et al .: An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendroideae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumscription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae) . In: American Journal of Botany 92 (4): 613-624. 2005.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Acanthephippium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 3, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Acanthephippium - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Robert L. Dressler (1993): Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. 186. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45058-6

[2] Cassio van den Berg et al .: An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendroideae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumscription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae) . In: American Journal of Botany 92 (4): 613-624. 2005.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Acanthephippium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 3, 2018.