Achterberg (Osterheide)
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Achterberg is a residential area in the Obereinzingen district of the municipality-free area of Osterheide in the Heidekreis district , in the Lüneburg Heath ( Lower Saxony ). Achterberg was a former estate with extensive recreational facilities in the Fallingbosteler Heidmark (southwestern Lüneburg Heath) and is located on what is now the Bergen military training area .
geography
Before the communities were relocated for the construction of the military training area in the years 1936 to 1938, the farm belonged to Obereinzingen . Achterberg is now a deserted area in the community-free district of Osterheide with its seat in Oerbke in the district of Heidekreis . The administration of this area is carried out by a district head .
The Achterberg farm ("behind" the mountain, seen from Dorfmark or Fallingbostel ) is located in the valley of the Fischendorfer Bach on the northeast slope of a ridge that extends from the domed Falkenberg terminal moraine to the northwest into the Böhmetal . A rest home belonged to it until the military training area was built. The medical staff from Bremen primarily sent children in need of relaxation to it. The guests were picked up by a horse-drawn bus from Soltau station on the American line . The manor house was tastefully furnished. There was a bowling alley in his park. Its own nursery grew vegetables for the catering of the guests. Fish ponds were laid out along the Fischendorfer Bach brook, which had a steady flow of water, and which could be navigated by rowing boats. A bathing establishment was also part of the operation of the rest home.
The area beyond (northeast) the approximately 70 meters high valley floor has a lively, sometimes steep relief and was an open, panoramic heather landscape , especially in hilltops . In the Bollenberg, the Achterbergsheide reaches a height of 143 m.
history
Rest home for Bremen children
In 1483 Achterberg was mentioned in a document as a half courtyard of the Walsrode monastery . The farm went through a difficult development in the 19th century. In 1872 it was forcibly sold to the merchant Fiedler from Hanover. In 1894 the Bremen merchant Friedrich Missler bought Achterberg together with the neighboring Siemsglüß farm and in 1895 created a holiday area there. From 1896 until the end of the Second World War, it made it possible for groups of 46 schoolchildren in Bremen to spend four weeks at a time. Adults were also accepted in Achterberg. The stays served to strengthen people against tuberculosis .
At the time when Missler bought the farm, Achterberg comprised 35 hectares of arable land, 6 hectares of meadows, 80 hectares of heather and 11 hectares of forest.
The surrounding landscape was made accessible by a dense network of walking paths and over 20 viewing pavilions and shelters. The then modern technology also found its way: in 1898 electric light, in 1899 telephone and heating. Before the First World War , 500 people found free board and lodging in Achterberg every year. The costs for the outward and return journey as well as for the doctor and pharmacy were also covered. In October 1923, the future President of the Reich Paul von Hindenburg also visited Achterberg for three days.
“A wonderful pavilion was built on an island in the rowing ponds, and a 30-meter-high observation tower was built on a 140-meter-high mountain at the extreme limit of the property, from which one has a wide view of the entire Südheide . ... The farm's farm ensures good and always fresh food. ... The climatic health resort of Achterberg and its immediate surroundings offer plenty of variety in terms of landscape. On the other hand, one asks in vain about coffee and concert halls, promenade concerts and similar events. "
“Every day we had sun here,
In the heather solitude,
And always enjoyed with delight,
This beautiful autumn time.
...
Rest from his work,
In the quiet Buchenberg,
Lord, who created the world,
Let the Achterberg farm exist. "
With the establishment of the Bergen military training area, the Wehrmacht took over the farm on November 30, 1935. At that time, 302 hectares of forest, 112 hectares of heathland and 85 hectares of meadows belonged to the property.
The recreation and children's home existed until 1945, but only with limited possibilities after the military training area was established.
1935 to 1945 location of the "Area Cover Department"
The “Terrain Covering Department” at the commandant's office at the military training area was located in Achterberg.
“Realistic training conditions should be created. The churned up, dreary impression of the on-site training areas should not arise here. Therefore, the shooting ranges and training areas were precisely delimited, and the areas not used by the military were entrusted to the so-called terrain cover. "
The department was headed by an Army Agriculture Council. Agricultural land on the edge of the training area outside of danger areas was leased to farmers (800 hectares of fields and 900 hectares of meadows). Three bases (in Ostenholz, Hörsten and Achterberg) have been set up to manage the areas in danger zones. Sheep breeding was also practiced, both by shepherds and with their own herds of heather sheep . The forest areas were administered by an Heeresforstamt, which (like the Heereslandwirtschaftsrat) was subordinate to the commandant.
Colonel-General Freiherr von Fritsch was often a guest on Achterberg, regularly twice a year for four weeks with his adjutant and horses. The workforce of the Achterberg estate erected a memorial for him in the garden of the manor house, the inscription of which was carved by French prisoners of war on the estate. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein was temporarily admitted to Achterberg on his flight from Silesia.
1945 in Achterberg
Gisela Lingenthal, the daughter of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein , looked for family members in Achterberg after the end of the war. Although she was pregnant, she set off on May 19, 1945 by bicycle from Berlin to Achterberg.
“I had no papers for this area, no money, and nothing to eat. I was worried about my parents ... - what had become of them? Were they still alive? I felt in the end. And while I was sitting there, I suddenly noticed two chickens pawing around. Where there were chickens could there also be people? "
She discovered her aunt and her father's boy. They were kept in check by British soldiers and arrested. Her grandmother joined them in June. Food became difficult, but the refugees who had come to Achterberg were fed “sparingly!” By the family of the manager Flamann. Purchases were initially not possible. Giesela Lingenthal's son Rainer was born on October 11th. There was no doctor or hospital anywhere. But “Poles” drove the midwife, Mrs. Bostelmann, from Dorfmark .
Achterberg from 1945 until the evacuation
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In 1945, the British occupying forces confiscated Achterberg's properties and buildings. Refugees from the east of Germany could not settle in the Ober- or Untereinzingen area because the occupying power established a special danger area and continued to operate the shooting range. He was subordinate to the commander of the "ARF Range RAC Training Center". The Achterberg operation was subordinate to the OFD clearing office at the Soltau tax office. At the turn of the year 1953/54, the Achterberg administration and thus the agricultural business were dissolved.
“Today only the entrance steps and foundations of the manor house, the memorial stone for Colonel General Freiherr von Fritsch, the remains of the main entrance gates to Hof Achterberg, the mausoleum of the Missler family on the" Buckberg ", the foundations of the tea house and numerous fruit trees remind us of the eventful History of Achterberg. "
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Tea house
There was a tea house that was carefully dismantled during the evacuation and rebuilt in Becklingen .
The fruit farm
A large garden with old fruit trees belonged to the former Achterberg estate. Like all the gardens of the former settlements and farmsteads on the square, this was essentially preserved when the military training area was set up, but without management. At the end of the 1980s, with the help of pomologists , they began to preserve the remaining old specimens of robust local fruit varieties. There were 37 apple varieties, 25 pear varieties, 3 cherry varieties and 1 plum variety, which were largely unknown in the trade. In Achterberg in 1994 an area of 1.75 hectares was fenced off game-proof. In addition to the trees that still exist on the fruit farm, other old varieties were planted to ensure their continued existence.
literature
- Hinrich Baumann: Achterberg - Development of tourism in the Heidmark . In: Fallingbostel yearbook , ed. from the district of Soltau-Fallingbostes 2004, pp. 9-17.
- Hinrich Baumann: The Heidmark. Change of a landscape. The history of the Bergen Training Area. Community-free district of Osterheide, Oerbke 2005, ISBN 3-00-017185-1 .
- Heidmark scenic tip . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , August 2, 2006 (online) report; for the open day at the Bergen military training area
Web links
- The former villages on the training area in Bergen / on "lostplaces"
- Photo: Erholungshaus Achterberg
- In Wunstorf there is an Achterberger, a Hohner, a Einzinger and a Hasselhorster Straße to commemorate the villages on the military training area.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information from Hinrich Baumann, (see literature 2004), p. 12
- ↑ Hinrich Baumann (see literature), p. 53
- ↑ Hinrich Baumann 2004, (see literature), p. 15
- ↑ Hinrich Baumann (see literature), pp. 229–237 describes the Achterberg in the period from 1935 to 1945
- ↑ Hinrich Baumann (see literature), p. 229 states that the facility will continue to exist until the end of the war.
- ↑ Die Heidmark (see literature), p. 229
- ↑ Here you can read the inscriptions on the monuments to Fritsch.
- ↑ Manstein's son Rüdiger visited Achterberg in 2005 and spoke about the last months of the war. (Hinrich Baumann, Die Heidmark [see literature], p. 236 f.)
- ↑ in Hinrich Baumann (see literature), p. 548 f.
- ↑ Hinrich Baumann: The Heidmark [see literature], describes on pages 548 f. the memories of the time after the end of the war.
- ↑ Die Heidmark (see literature), p. 561
- ^ Nessenius: The cultural landscape change in the northern part of the military training area mountains . 1985, 140 pages (unpublished)
Coordinates: 52 ° 51 '49 " N , 9 ° 49' 4.4" E