Ad ea ex quibus

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Cross of the Order of Christ

With the papal bull Ad ea ex quibus of March 14, 1319 , Pope John XXII. approved the establishment of the Portuguese Order of Christ as the successor to the Templar Order on the territory of the Portuguese Crown and made it subject to royal patronage .

prehistory

In August 1318 the Portuguese King Dinis set up an embassy at the Holy See to have the foundation of a new knightly order, the Order of the Knights of Christ, approved in Portugal, since since the 4th Lateran Council in 1215, the right of approval of a new order solely with the Pope lay (constitutio 13, De novis religionibus prohibitis : "... firmiter prohibemus, ne quis ... novam religionem inveniat ..."; German: The prohibition of new orders : "... we strictly forbid anyone ... to found a new order ..."; quoted from : Alberigo, Josepho and others: Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta , Bologna 1973).

Provisions

With the bull Ad ea ex quibus , the Pope stipulated that all goods of the Templar Order , which he had forbidden , were transferred to the new order and that the Order of Christ had to live according to the rules of the Order of Calatrava . The abbot of the Cistercian monastery Alcobaça was the jurisdiction transferred, still he was given the right to purchase the flag envy for the Grand Master of the Order of Christ. As a religious house, John XXII. the fortress of Castro Marim in southwest Portugal. Finally, the bull provides that if the leadership of the order is vacant, a person with a military and religious background, an initiate of the new order, is to be appointed master.

The Pope's right to have a say

Many sources indicate that the Pope stipulated in the bull to reserve the right to appoint papal knights to this Portuguese order. The original text of the papal bull does not contain this prerogative, but this does not contradict the practice that the Pope gave his consent to the appointment of knights or had a say.

A dedicated papal order of Christ was not organized by Pope Pius X until February 7, 1905 . It is now the Vatican's highest distinction and is very rarely bestowed, especially to heads of state and eminent statesmen of the Catholic faith who have made special contributions to either the Catholic Church or society.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Order of Christ ( Memento from September 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

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