Adkins catalyst

The Adkins catalyst , a heterogeneous catalyst , is mainly composed of copper dispersed on chromium oxide and doped with metals such as barium and manganese . The American chemist Homer Burton Adkins (1892–1949) developed the catalyst . It is a stoichiometrically not precisely defined copper-chromium oxide catalyst ( copper chromite ), which contains copper (II) and chromium (III) and is used for the hydrogenation of esters to alcohols and for the dehydrogenation of alcohols.

Manufacturing

The catalyst can be produced by precipitation of basic copper ammonium chromate (BCAC) Cu (OH) NH ₄ CrO ₄ with subsequent drying and calcination . The doping can be done, for example, by coprecipitation of barium or other metal salts.

application

The catalyst is used for the production of fatty alcohols from fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters at hydrogen pressures of 200 to 300 bar and temperatures of 150 to 300 ° C. Other applications are the hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol to 1,5-pentanediol at 250-300 ° C at hydrogen pressures of 200 to 400 bar and the dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde .

literature

WA Lazier, HR Arnold: Copper chromite catalysts In: Organic Syntheses . 19, 1939, p. 31, doi : 10.15227 / orgsyn.019.0031 ; Coll. Vol. 2, 1943, p. 142 ( PDF ).

Individual evidence

↑ Vera V. Mainz, Gregory S. Girolami: Adkins, Homer Burton (PDF; 8 kB). Genealogy Database Entry, 1998 (brief description of HB Adkins' scientific work).
^ Entry on Adkins catalyst. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 22, 2017.
↑ Hans-Jürgen Arpe: Industrial Organic Chemistry: Significant preliminary and intermediate products . Wiley-VCH, 2007, ISBN 978-3-527-31540-6 , pp. 226 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ D. Kaufman, W. Reeve: 1,5-Pentanediol In: Organic Syntheses . 26, 1946, p. 83, doi : 10.15227 / orgsyn.026.0083 ; Coll. Vol. 3, 1955, p. 693 ( PDF ).
^ R. Prasad: Highly active copper chromite catalyst produced by thermal decomposition of ammoniac copper oxalate chromate . In: Materials Letters . tape 59 , no. 29–30 , December 2005, pp. 3945-3949 , doi : 10.1016 / j.matlet.2005.07.041 .

[1] Vera V. Mainz, Gregory S. Girolami: Adkins, Homer Burton (PDF; 8 kB). Genealogy Database Entry, 1998 (brief description of HB Adkins' scientific work).

[RömppOnline-2] Entry on Adkins catalyst. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 22, 2017.

[3] Hans-Jürgen Arpe: Industrial Organic Chemistry: Significant preliminary and intermediate products . Wiley-VCH, 2007, ISBN 978-3-527-31540-6 , pp. 226 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[4] D. Kaufman, W. Reeve: 1,5-Pentanediol In: Organic Syntheses . 26, 1946, p. 83, doi : 10.15227 / orgsyn.026.0083 ; Coll. Vol. 3, 1955, p. 693 ( PDF ).

[5] R. Prasad: Highly active copper chromite catalyst produced by thermal decomposition of ammoniac copper oxalate chromate . In: Materials Letters . tape 59 , no. 29–30 , December 2005, pp. 3945-3949 , doi : 10.1016 / j.matlet.2005.07.041 .