Adolf Leap

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Adolf Wichard Friedrich Sprung (born June 5, 1848 in Kleinow , † January 16, 1909 in Potsdam ) was a German meteorologist .

Life

After studying natural sciences at the University of Leipzig , Sprung received his doctorate in 1876 ​​with the dissertation experimental investigations on the fluid friction in salt solutions . In August of the same year he became an intern and on November 1, 1880 assistant at the Deutsche Seewarte in Hamburg . With the construction of innovative measuring and recording devices and his textbook on meteorology , which was written for the Seewarte, he found early recognition in the professional world. On April 1, 1886, Sprung was appointed senior scientific officer at the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute in Berlin , which was just being reorganized by its new director Wilhelm von Bezold . Jump became head of department III (instruments). From 1892 until his death he was head of the meteorological-magnetic observatory on the Potsdam Telegraphenberg , the construction of which he had been overseeing since 1888.

power

Running weight barograph after jump and foot

Adolf Sprung wrote a large number of scientific articles in various specialist journals. These include theoretical treatises as well as reports on weather observations and detailed descriptions of the construction of scientific devices. His textbook on meteorology, published in 1885, is of particular importance , in which he describes meteorology in the narrower sense as a science that “studies atmospheric processes as such and tries to trace them back to physical-mechanical laws”. This modern approach made it different from the older, purely descriptive works by Ludwig Friedrich Kämtz or Ernst Erhard Schmid (1815–1885).

Numerous scientific devices go back to leap. He constructed, among other things, the running weight barograph , a mechanical anemograph , a thermobarograph with running weight, a cloud mirror , a rain gauge and a photogrammetric cloud automaton . He found a partner in the Berlin precision mechanic Rudolf Fuess who adequately implemented Sprung's ideas.

The psychrometer formula ( Sprung's formula) goes back to Adolf Sprung , with the help of which one can calculate the water vapor partial pressure of the air from the temperatures of the dry and the wet thermometer of a psychrometer and the saturation vapor pressure . With their help, psychrometer tables were created from which the relative humidity of the air and the dew point can be determined depending on the two temperatures.

Works (selection)

literature

  • Richard Aßmann : Professor Dr. Adolf Leap . In: Das Wetter 26, 1909, pp. 25-27
  • Prof. Dr. A. Jump . In: International Archives for Photogrammetry 2, 1909–1911, pp. 55f

Individual evidence

  1. A. Sprung: Experimental studies on the fluid friction in salt solutions . In: Annals of Physics . Volume 235, No. 9, 1878, pp. 1-35. doi : 10.1002 / andp.18762350902
  2. A. Sprung: Textbook of Meteorology , p. 1.
  3. LF Kämtz: Textbook of Meteorology , Gebauer, Halle, Vol. 1 (1831), Vol. 2 (1832), Vol. 3 (1836).
  4. ^ EE Schmid: Textbook of Meteorology , Leipzig 1860
  5. K.-H. Bernhardt : To explore the atmosphere with the free balloon - the Berlin scientific aviation (1888-1899) . In: Eckart Henning (Ed.): Dahlemer Archive Talks , Volume 6, Archive for the History of the Max Planck Society , Berlin 2000, pp. 52–82.
  6. A. Sprung: A new form of the Wagebarograph . In: Journal of the Austrian Society for Meteorology . Volume 12, 1877, pp. 305-308.
  7. A. Sprung: Scale barograph with barrel weight . In: Journal of the Austrian Society for Meteorology . Volume 16, 1881, pp. 1-4.
  8. a b A. Sprung, R. Fuess: New recorders for rain and wind, with electrical transmission . In: Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde . Volume 9, 1889, pp. 90-98.
  9. ^ A. Jump: New thermobarograph with barrel weight . In: Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde . Volume 6, 1886, pp. 189-198.
  10. A. Jump: About the use of the simple cloud mirror to determine the angular velocity of the clouds . In: Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde 11, 1891, pp. 14-17.
  11. A. Jump: About the photogrammetric cloud automaton and its adjustment . In: Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde . Volume 19, 1899, pp. 111-118.
  12. A. Sprung: About the determination of the air humidity with the help of the Assmann aspiration psychrometer . In: The weather . Volume 5, 1888, pp. 105-108.

Web links

  • Photos of the running weight barograph after jump and foot