Adygeic language
| Adygean (адыгабзэ [adəgabză]) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Russia , Jordan , Israel , Macedonia , Syria , Turkey , Iraq | |
| speaker | 500,000 | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in |
 Adygeja ( Russia )
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
ady |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
ady |
|
Adygean (own name адыгабзэ [ adəgabză ], "-bze" means "language"), German also Adygejisch , more rarely Adygisch , also West-Circassian , is next to Russian the official language of the Autonomous Republic of Adygeja in the Russian Federation . It is used by various Circassian tribes in Adygeja as a written language: the Schapsugh, the Bsedugh, the Absech, the Temirgoj, the Hakutschi, the Kabardians in Adygeja (not in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia ) and the like. a. It was formed from the dialect of the Temirgoj tribe.
In Russia it is believed that 125,000 people speak Adygean as their mother tongue ; worldwide there are around 500,000. The largest Adygeic community lives in Turkey with around 277,000 speakers . About 4,000 Circassians live in Galilee , Israel . School-age children in the villages of Kfar Kama and Rehaniye also have lessons in the Adygean language.
Adygean belongs to the family of Northwest Caucasian languages and is also referred to as "Circassian" together with Kabardian . Kabardian is mainly spoken in the autonomous republic of Kabardino-Balkaria alongside the Balkar language. Other related languages are Ubykh , Abkhaz , and Abasin .
Like all Northwest Caucasian languages, Adygean has an agglutinating language structure and a high number of consonants . There are between fifty and sixty consonants in the various dialects, many of them ejectives . In the dialect of the Abdsach there is an additional, very rare palatal ejective.
The language was standardized after the October Revolution and the Cyrillic alphabet was used from 1938 . Previously, an alphabet based on Arabic was in use until 1927 and an alphabet based on Latin from 1928 onwards .
Modern Adygean Alphabet:
| А а
а |
Б б
бы |
В в
вы |
Г г
гы |
Гу гу
гуы |
Гъ гъ
гъы |
Гъу гъу
гъуы |
Д д
ды |
| Дж дж
джы |
Дз дз
дзы |
Дзу дзу
дзуы |
Е е
йэ |
(Ё ё)
йо |
Ж ж
жы |
Жъ жъ
жъы |
Жъу жъу
жъуы |
| Жь жь
жьы |
З з
зы |
И и
йы |
Й й
йы кІаку |
К к *
кы |
Ку ку
куы |
Къ къ
къы |
Къу къу
къуы |
| КІ кІ **
кІы |
КІу кІу
кІуы |
Л л
лы |
Лъ лъ
лъы |
ЛІ лІ
лІы |
М м
мы |
Н н
ны |
О о ***
уэ |
| П п
пы |
ПІ пІ
пІы |
ПІу пІу
пІуы |
Р р
ры |
С с
сы |
Т т
ты |
ТІ тІ
тІы |
ТІу тІу
тІуы |
| У у
уы |
Ф ф
фы |
Х х
хы |
Хъ хъ
хъы |
Хъу хъу
хъуы |
Хь хь
хьы |
Ц ц
цы |
Цу цу
цуы |
| ЦІ цІ
цІы |
Ч ч
чы |
ЧІ чІ
чІы |
Ш ш
шы |
Шъ шъ
шъы |
ШІ шІ
шІы |
ШІу шІу
шІуы |
Щ щ
щы |
| (Ъ ъ)
пытэ тамыгь |
Ы ы
ы |
(Ь ь)
шъэбэ тамыгь |
Э э
э |
(Ю ю)
йыу |
(Я я)
йа |
I.
Іы |
Іу
Іыу |
literature
- Monika Höhlig: Contact-related language change in the Adygeic colloquial language in the Caucasus and Turkey. LINCOM Europe, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89586-083-2
