Aeromonas

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Aeromonas
Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila

Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Gammaproteobacteria
Order : Aeromonadales
Family : Aeromonadaceae
Genre : Aeromonas
Scientific name
Aeromonas
Stanier 1943

Aeromonas is a genus within the gram-negative gammaproteobacteria . Aeromonas was formerly part of the Vibrionaceae family. The types can be divided into two groups: the mesophilic and the psychrophilic (cold-loving) group. The mesophilic species (e.g. the ubiquitous water germ Aeromonas hydrophila ) are mostly polar flagellated and mobile (motile), the cold-loving species (e.g. Aeromonas salmonicida ) usually have no flagella and are therefore immobile. All species can live without oxygen, they are facultatively anaerobic .

properties

The oxidase test is positive, the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase can be found in all species, and the catalase test is also positive. Aeromonas can be found in fresh and brackish water. The species can use sugar (e.g. glucose) for metabolism, in doing so they generally form acid. Starch is also broken down with the formation of acid. Partly, e.g. B. in Aeromonas hydrophila , the 2,3-butanediol fermentation takes place with gas formation.

Some types of food spoilage (especially cold store goods).

Aeromonas as a pathogen

The genus Aeromonas includes some pathogens affecting humans and various animal species, such as fish and frogs. For humans are u. a. Aeromonas hydrophila , Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria are of importance. Surface water that is contaminated with Aeromonas or food that comes into contact with such water is the starting point for diseases. In addition, Aeromonas species are feared "hospital pathogens" (hospital infections via equipment and flushing fluids). Different types cause wound infections and can cause blood poisoning ( sepsis ). Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of gastroenteritis (stomach flu) and diarrheal diseases ( diarrhea viewed), infections of skin and soft tissue, and osteomyelitis. However, this topic was still under discussion in 2006. Some authors are of the opinion that probably only a few strains of Aeromonas are human pathogens (comparable to Escherichia coli ) . At least the frequently β-lactamase-positive species Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from stool from diarrheal patients as well as from completely healthy people.

An infection caused by Aeromonas hydrophilic can be treated with antibiotics such as cefotaxime , ceftriaxone , ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin , alternatively with imipenem , meropenem or co- trimoxazole .

Aeromonas can cause epidemic diseases such as B. cause the spotted disease of freshwater fish . Aeromonas salmonicida , first described as Bacterium salmonicida at the end of the 19th century, is pathogenic for fish and the cause of furunculosis in various trout fish . In addition, some species cause eel disease in river eels . The non-pathogenic species Aeromonas encheleia was also isolated from eels and named accordingly. This species has flagella and is mesophilic. Also, Aeromonas hydrophila can cause diseases in fish, is known above all as pathogens in frogs.

Systematics

A selection of the species assigned to the genus Aeromonas :

literature

  • Johannes Krämer: Food Microbiology . 4th edition. UTB Ulmer Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8252-1421-4 .
  • George M. Garrity : Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd Edition. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria.
  • JJ Farmer III, MJ Arduino, FW Hickman-Brenner: The Genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas . In: Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Eds.): The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . 7 volumes. 3. Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York et al. O., 2006, ISBN 0-387-30740-0 . Vol. 6: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass. ISBN 0-387-30746-X .
  • Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 260 ( Aeromonas hydrophila ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marianne Abele-Horn (2009), p. 260.
  2. ↑ a b J. J. Farmer III, MJ Arduino and FW Hickman-Brenner: The Genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas.
  3. ↑ Marianne Abele-Horn (2009), p. 260.
  4. ^ Jens Lehmann, Franz-Josef Stürenberg, Yvonne Kullmann, Jochen Kilwinski: Environmental and disease pollution of eels in North Rhine-Westphalia. A contribution to the topic of the alarming decline in European eel stocks- In: LÖBF-Mitteilungen- Vol. 30, No. 2, 2005, pp. 35–40. PDF file
  5. ↑ C. Esteve, MC Gutiérrez, A. Ventosa: Aeromonas encheleia sp. nov., isolated from European eels . In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . tape 45 , no. 3 , July 1, 1995, pp. 462-466 , doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-45-3-462 , PMID 8590673 .
  6. ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Aeromonas ( Memento from May 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (November 2008)