Agriphila straminella

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Agriphila straminella
Agriphila straminella

Agriphila straminella

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Crambinae
Genre : Agriphila
Type : Agriphila straminella
Scientific name
Agriphila straminella
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)

Agriphila straminella is a domestic in Central Europe and very often ( small ) butterfly from the family of Crambidae .

features

The low-drawing moths have a wingspan of 16 to 23 mm. The basic color, on the other hand, varies somewhat and ranges from straw yellow to dark brown. The veining is emphasized by an over-dusting with darker scales . A dark line runs along the Kostal edge. The hemline has a black row of dots. The wing fringes are shiny silvery. The hind wings are whitish-ocher to gray-brown. The head and thorax are ocher-colored, the abdomen gray-brown. The antennae are ciliate , but the female's cilia are finer than those of the male.

The egg is oval, the surface is densely ribbed and forms a fine net-like pattern with a finer cross-ribbing. It is yellowish white when placed and turns pink after a while.

The caterpillar is yellowish-gray, brownish-gray to slightly reddish-gray with a relatively small black head. The head and anal shield are also light brown and shiny.

The light brown doll is stocky; the ends of the wing sheaths are yellowish brown in color. The strongly developed Kremaster , on the other hand, is dark brown in color.

Similar species

The species resembles Chrysoteuchia culmella ( Linnaeus , 1758); however, this species is somewhat larger and has a clearly drawn submarginal transverse line and Pediasia contaminella ( Huebner , 1796); but this has no shiny wing fringes.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species occurs in almost all of Europe. However, it is missing on the Mediterranean islands and Greece. It has also been sparsely documented on the Iberian Peninsula and Italy. In the north the distribution area extends to Lapland , in the east over Siberia to the Russian Far East . In southern Asia the occurrence runs through Asia Minor, the Caucasus region, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It also occurs in the Nearctic (Canada).

The species is relatively common and widespread in open, dry and fresh grasslands.

Way of life

Agriphila straminella forms a generation a year whose moths fly from May to August. The caterpillars appear from around June and overwinter. The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal and come to artificial light sources. The males can easily be shooed out of the grass during the day, the females live more hidden under tufts of grass. The caterpillars feed on grasses (e.g. common sheep fescue , Festuca ovina and meadow bluegrass , Poa pratensis ); they feed in and on the stems. The stalks of wheat ( Triticum ) and barley ( Hordeum ) are also eaten. The caterpillars live in a vertical twisted tube attached to the stalks of grass near the earth and connected to similar twisted tubes. The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in an egg-shaped cocoon that is covered with pieces of grass.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller as Tinea straminella . The holotype is lost and came from the area around Vienna.

In older works, the species can also be found under the name combinations Crambus culmellus ( Linnaeus ) and Agriphila culmella ( Linnaeus ). Tinea culmella Linnaeus , 1758, however, denotes a different species that is now assigned to Chrysoteuchia ; Chrysoteuchia culmella ( Linnaeus , 1758).

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Slamka (2008: p. 42)
  2. ↑ a b c d Carter (1984: p. 177)
  3. ↑ a b c Hannemann (1964: p. 110) (as Agriphila culmella )
  4. ↑ a b website of Ian Kimber Pictures of the Caterpillar (accessed May 24, 2011)
  5. ^ Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller: Systematic directory of butterflies in the Vienna region. 322 p., Bernardi, Vienna 1776 Online at GDZ - Göttinger Digitization Center (The work Announcement of a systematic work on the butterflies of the Vienna region by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller from 1775 is an identical preprint of the digitized work from 1776) (Description p. 134 ).

literature

  • David J. Carter: Pest Lepidoptera of Europe with special references to the British Isles. 431 S., Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht 1984 ISBN 90-6193-504-0 .
  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The curlers (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1964
  • František Slamka: Pyraloidea of ​​Europe Lepidoptera Volume 2 Crambinae & Schoenobiinae Identification - Distribution - Habitat - Biology. 223 pp., Bratislava 2008, ISBN 978-80-969052-5-6

Web links

Commons : Agriphila straminella  - album with pictures, videos and audio files