al-Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra

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The first Arab governors in Persia adopted the existing Sassanid coin system and minted coins with existing Sassanid motifs. Muhallab minted this coin in 696 with the portrait of the Sassanid great king Chosrau II , who had died 68 years earlier ; Muhallab's insignia is placed in front of the king's face. The place of minting of this approx. 4 g heavy and 33 mm large Arabo-Sassanid silver drachma is the city of Bishapur .

Al-Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra ( Arabic أبو سعيد ، المهلّب بن أبي صفرة الأزدي, DMG Abū Saʿīd, al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufra al-Azdī ; also Abu Said , * approx. 632 in Dibba ; † February 702 in Khorasan ) was governor of Khorasan from 686 and from 698 to 702.

Al-Muhallab was an Arab military leader from the Azd tribe . He played an important role in the Islamic expansion to the east and in the second Islamic civil war . He is the subject of numerous praises in Arabic and Persian poetry and is seen as the progenitor of the Bu Saʿīd dynasty , which has ruled Oman since 1746 .

Life

Al-Muhallab was born during the Prophet's lifetime and earned his first military laurels under the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya I , during whose time he undertook campaigns and looting in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan . Later he led a campaign against Samarkand on behalf of the Arab governors of Khorasan .

Soon after the death of the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya I in 680, early Islamic society was badly shaken by the second Islamic civil war. There was an open rift between the Umayyads on the one hand and Abdallāh the son of the Prophet's companion az-Zubair and Hussain ibn īAlī the grandson of the Prophet on the other. The cause of the break lay in the nomination of Muʿāwiya's son Yazid I as successor to the caliphate. This was the first time an attempt was made to establish a hereditary caliph dynasty instead of the caliph elections that had been carried out until then. Abdallāh and Husain together led the religious-political anti-Umayyad opposition from Medina and later from Mecca . For them, the struggle to spread Islam was a priority. They accused the Umayyads of using Islam only as a means of political power. After the deaths of Husain (680) and Yazid (683), Abdallah proclaimed himself the Counter-Caliph in Mecca and was recognized by the Muslims in Mecca, Medina, Iraq, Iran, Egypt and even parts of Syria.

After a series of uprisings in the east, Abdallah had to consolidate his power. In 686 he sent his brother Musʿab to Iraq to win Muhallab for his Meccan caliphate. After Musʿab offered him the office of governor of Khorasan as a counter-deal, Muhallab won back lost territories in the east for Abdallah. He freed the area around Basra from the Azraqites and ended the Shiite rule of al-Muchtār ibn Abī ʿUbaid over Kufa in April 687 .

However, since Muhallab soon recognized the Zubairite cause as lost, he went back to the Umayyad side. In 698 he was appointed governor of Khorasan again by the Umayyads, where he died in 702 and his son Yazīd ibn al-Muhallab succeeded him as governor of Khorasan.

various

After al-Ghazali the great Persian Muslim theologian, philosopher and mystic of the 11th century, the Persian almond pudding was Muhallabia already named in his lifetime by his Persian personal chef to Muhallab.

In Muscat, the capital of Oman , the Al Muhallab Ibn Abi Suffrah Mosque , a modern mosque, was named after Muhallab.

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra, al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra, al-; Abu Said
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab warlord and governor
DATE OF BIRTH at 632
PLACE OF BIRTH Dibba
DATE OF DEATH February 702
Place of death Khorasan