al-Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra
Al-Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra ( Arabic أبو سعيد ، المهلّب بن أبي صفرة الأزدي, DMG Abū Saʿīd, al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufra al-Azdī ; also Abu Said , * approx. 632 in Dibba ; † February 702 in Khorasan ) was governor of Khorasan from 686 and from 698 to 702.
Al-Muhallab was an Arab military leader from the Azd tribe . He played an important role in the Islamic expansion to the east and in the second Islamic civil war . He is the subject of numerous praises in Arabic and Persian poetry and is seen as the progenitor of the Bu Saʿīd dynasty , which has ruled Oman since 1746 .
Life
Al-Muhallab was born during the Prophet's lifetime and earned his first military laurels under the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya I , during whose time he undertook campaigns and looting in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan . Later he led a campaign against Samarkand on behalf of the Arab governors of Khorasan .
Soon after the death of the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya I in 680, early Islamic society was badly shaken by the second Islamic civil war. There was an open rift between the Umayyads on the one hand and Abdallāh the son of the Prophet's companion az-Zubair and Hussain ibn īAlī the grandson of the Prophet on the other. The cause of the break lay in the nomination of Muʿāwiya's son Yazid I as successor to the caliphate. This was the first time an attempt was made to establish a hereditary caliph dynasty instead of the caliph elections that had been carried out until then. Abdallāh and Husain together led the religious-political anti-Umayyad opposition from Medina and later from Mecca . For them, the struggle to spread Islam was a priority. They accused the Umayyads of using Islam only as a means of political power. After the deaths of Husain (680) and Yazid (683), Abdallah proclaimed himself the Counter-Caliph in Mecca and was recognized by the Muslims in Mecca, Medina, Iraq, Iran, Egypt and even parts of Syria.
After a series of uprisings in the east, Abdallah had to consolidate his power. In 686 he sent his brother Musʿab to Iraq to win Muhallab for his Meccan caliphate. After Musʿab offered him the office of governor of Khorasan as a counter-deal, Muhallab won back lost territories in the east for Abdallah. He freed the area around Basra from the Azraqites and ended the Shiite rule of al-Muchtār ibn Abī ʿUbaid over Kufa in April 687 .
However, since Muhallab soon recognized the Zubairite cause as lost, he went back to the Umayyad side. In 698 he was appointed governor of Khorasan again by the Umayyads, where he died in 702 and his son Yazīd ibn al-Muhallab succeeded him as governor of Khorasan.
various
After al-Ghazali the great Persian Muslim theologian, philosopher and mystic of the 11th century, the Persian almond pudding was Muhallabia already named in his lifetime by his Persian personal chef to Muhallab.
In Muscat, the capital of Oman , the Al Muhallab Ibn Abi Suffrah Mosque , a modern mosque, was named after Muhallab.
literature
- Wink, Andre, "Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World," Brill Academic Publishers, Aug 1, 2002, ISBN 0-391-04173-8
- Hawting, Gerald R. , "The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate Ad 661-750" , 2000, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-24072-7
- Alfred Guillaume (Ed.): The life of Muhammad . Translation of Ishâq's "Sîrat rasûl Alâh". 17th edition. OUP, London 2005, ISBN 0-19-636033-1 .
- Isaac Hasson: AL-ZUBAYR B. Al-'AWWAM . In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Brill, Leiden 1991.
- Ibn Ishāq : De historical Mohammed . De Arbeiterspers cop, Amsterdam 2005, ISBN 90-295-6282-X .
- German translation: The life of the prophet . translated by Gernot Rotter . Edition Erdmann, Lenningen 2004, ISBN 3-86503-013-0 .
- Hans Jansen : Mohammed. A biography . Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-56858-9 .
- Miklos Muranyi: The comrades of the prophets in early Islamic history. (Bonn Oriental Studies, Vol. 28). University of Bonn, 1973.
- Tilman Nagel : Mohammed. Life and legend . Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58534-6 .
- at-Tabarī : The history of al-Tabarī. (Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors, vol. 39). translated by Ella Landau-Tasseron. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY 1998, ISBN 0-7914-2820-6 .
- Arent Jan Wensinck : AL-ZUBAIR B. AL-'AWWAM . In: Arent Jan Wensinck, Johannes Hendrik Kramers (Hrsg.): Concise dictionary of Islam . EJ Brill, Leiden 1976.
- HAR Gibb: Art: "ʿAbd Allāh ibn az-Zubayr" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. I, pp. 54b-55b.
- Gernot Rotter : The Umayyads and the Second Civil War (680-692) . Wiesbaden: Steiner 1982.
- Habeeb Salloum, Muna Salloum: Sweet Delights from a Thousand and One Nights: The Story of Traditional Arab Sweets Hardcover, 2013, ISBN 978-1780764641
Web links
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra, al- |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Muhallab ibn Abī Sufra, al-; Abu Said |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Arab warlord and governor |
DATE OF BIRTH | at 632 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Dibba |
DATE OF DEATH | February 702 |
Place of death | Khorasan |