al-Qushairī
Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin al-Qushairī al-Naysābūrī ( Arabic أبو القاسم عبد الکریم بن هوازن القشیري, DMG Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin al-Qušairī ; born 986 in Ustuwā north of Nishapur ; d. 1072 ibid) was an Ashʿarite theologian, Sufi and Koran exegete of the 11th century who wrote a classic manual on Sufik with his Risāla . The mystic Sulami was one of his teachers.
Life
Al-Qushairī founded his own madrasa in Baghdad . According to his Risala , the Sufis are "people of association with God ( al-wiṣāl ), not people of reasoning ( al-istidlāl ), like ordinary theologians".
Works
- at-Tafsīr al-kabīr laṭāʾif al-išārāt bi-tafsīr al-Qurʾān ( Laṭāʾif al-išārāt )
- “The missionary letter” ( ar-Risāla ), which al-Quschairī, according to his own testimony, wrote in the year 437 dH (= 1044/45 AD) for the Sufis in the Islamic countries. It is the "most widely distributed and most widely read work in Sufi manual literature". The book consists of an introduction, a first main part, which deals with the biographies of 83 sheikhs in the manner of class books, a second main part, which discusses Sufi terms in 27 sections, 51 further chapters, the various "Sufi positions and conditions, customs and virtues, behaviors and practices ”and the final chapter with the author's spiritual testament ( waṣīya ). The book was translated into German, commented on and introduced by Richard Gramlich . The well-known sheikhs who have their own entry in the main biographical part of the work include, for example, Dhū n-Nūn al-Misrī , Abū Yazīd al-Bistāmī , Sahl at-Tustarī , al-Junaid and al-Hakīm at-Tirmidhī .
literature
- Norman Calder, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin: Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature. 2nd Edition. Routledge Chapman & Hall 2013 ( online )
- Richard Gramlich : Al-Qušayrī's letter about Sufism . Freiburg Islam Studies 12. Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1989. ISBN 3-515-04903-7 . Pp. 11-19 (introduction).
- Ignaz Goldziher: Lectures on Islam , 2nd edition, pp. 172, 175, 176.
- Heinz Halm : Art. "Al-Ḳu sh ayrī", in: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition , Vol. V, pp. 526a-527a.
- Richard Hartmann : Al-Kuschairîs representation of the Sûfîtum . With translation supplement and indices (1914) ( online )
- ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin Qushayrī; Rabia Harris; Laleh Bakhtiar : The Risalah: principles of Sufism. [Chicago], Distributed by KAZI Publications 2002 ( worldcat.org )
- Al-Qushayri's Epistle on Sufism. Al-Risala al-qushayriyya fi 'ilm al-tasawwuf / Abu' l-Qasim al-Qushayri; translated by Alexander D. Knysh ; reviewed by Muhammad Eissa. Garnet Pub., Reading, UK ISBN 978-1-85964-185-9
- al-Qushayri: Principles of Sufism. 1990 (English selection translation by BR von Schlegell; partial online view )
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Qushairī, al- |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Qushairi, al-; عبدالکریم قشیری (Persian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Sufi and Koran commentator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 986 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | at Nishapur |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1072 |
| Place of death | at Nishapur |