Albert de Jong

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Albert (Andries) de Jong (born April 29, 1891 in Amsterdam , † July 27, 1970 in Heemstede ) was a Dutch editor , author , organizer, teacher and anarcho-syndicalist .

Life

As the youngest child of ten siblings, de Jong grew up in a working-class family. His father, Graddes de Jong, was a garbage man ("vuilnisman"), baker and night watchman . His mother, Akke van de Eemst, was a supporter of the Dutch anarchist Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis .

From 1905 to 1909 de Jong studied at the College of Education ( Rijkskweekschool ) in Haarlem and then worked as a teacher. In 1916 he was dismissed as a teacher in Amsterdam because he was living with a woman without being married. After his release he worked as a stenographer . Between 1915 and 1940 he was active in the Dutch libertarian movement as a speaker, organizer and editor. Among other things, he published around 40 brochures and pamphlets: De Praktijk van het Antimilitarisme (“The Practice of Antimilitarism”, The Hague 1921), Oorlog tegen Hitler Duitsland? ("War against Hitler-Germany?", Amsterdam 1933). De Jong worked as an editor for the magazines De Wapens neder from the International Antimilitarist Association (IAMV), with interruptions from 1922 to 1932, also for De Vrije Samenleving from the Sociaal Anarchist verbond (SAV), together with Bart de Ligt and Hendrik Ebo Kaspers and De Persdienst (“Press Service”) of the International Antimilitarist Commission (IAK), together with Helmut Rüdiger , Augustin Souchy and Arthur Lehning . He also wrote biographies about Domela Nieuwenhuis and Fritz Brupbacher . At IAMV he made the acquaintance of Bart de Ligt and Lambertus Johannes Bot . From 1915 to 1923 he was treasurer ("penningmeester") of the Ferdinand Domela Fund , founded in 1914 , to support F. Domela financially.

For the third International Antimilitarist Congress (IAK) in The Hague in 1921, he worked as an organizer, traveling illegally to Paris and Berlin to make preparations. In The Hague was the International Anti-militarist Office ( "International Anti-Militaristic Bureau"), in which he was active until the 1937th As a representative of the IAK, he attended all IAA congresses . Bart de Ligt and de Jong organized and supported conscientious objectors. They were charged for this in 1921 on the grounds that they had committed “a call to revolt”. De Jong was sentenced to 29 days in prison.

In 1933 he helped Gerhard Wartenberg flee to avoid persecution by the National Socialists . Together with the Dutch anarchist Herman Groenendaal, de Jong organized a solidarity rally for the Jews in Amsterdam. Groenendaal was arrested, de Jong managed to escape and had to go into hiding. In 1946 he was editor of the magazine Socialisme van onderop! and from 1960 to 1964 van Buiten de perken . In this magazine he published fragments uit mijn leven ("Fragments from my life", August 1961 to July 1964). The Dutch artist and anarchist Chris Lebeau designed a portrait for de Jong.

Albert Andries de Jong was married twice and had three children.

Works (selection)

  • Domela Nieuwenhuis. Korte Beschrijving van leven en werk van de grondlegger en baanbreker van het socialisme in Nederland (1846–1919) . Uitgeverij Kruseman, 1966. Google Books
  • Fritz Brupbacher (1874–1945) en zijn verhouding tot het anarchisme . Anarcho-Syndicalist Persdienst, 1952. Google Books
  • De spoorwegstaking van 1903 . Anarchists uitgaven, 1953

further reading

  • Rudolf de Jong: About my father Albert Andries de Jong (1891-1970) ("About my father Albert Andries de Jong"). In: Mededelingenblad , October 1971, pp. 57-59.
  • G. Heijmans, A. Koster: De IAMV van 1904 dead 1921. Geschiedenis van de international anti-militarist association . Zwolle 1984
  • J. Giesen: Nieuwe geschiedenis. Het antimilitarisme van de daad in Nederland. Rotterdam 1923
  • Peter Manasse: Verdwenen archieven en libraries: de verrichtingen van Einsatzstab Rosenberg gedurende de Tweede Wereldoorlog. The Hague, NBLC Uitgeverij. ISBN 90-5483-068-9 ( Albert de Jong ondernam na de oorlog nog vergeefse pogingen om zijn archief terug te krijgen. Ruim 22 jaar later dook een dossier van De Jong op in het archief van het Franse department d'Indre-et- Loire. ) Google Books .
  • Alexander Schapiro and Albert de Jong: What lost wij de revolutie ?: De nederlaag van het Spaanse anarchosyndicalisme in 1936–1937 . Uitgeverij Wereldvenster, 1979. ISBN 90-293-9773-X Google Books

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Author: Rudolf de Jong . Biography in “Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbewegung in Nederland” (BWSA). Originally published in BWSA 1, 1986. pp. 54-55. Last change on May 22, 2002. Im (IISG) . Dutch, accessed June 1, 2012
  2. ↑ Author: Nick Heath . A short biography of Albert de Jong, Dutch anarchist veteran. English, accessed June 1, 2012
  3. ^ Author: Rudolf de Jong . In: Biographical Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbewegung in Nederland . Dutch, accessed June 1, 2012
personal data
SURNAME Jong, Albert de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jong, Albert Andries de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch editor and anarchist
DATE OF BIRTH April 29, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Amsterdam
DATE OF DEATH July 27, 1970
Place of death Heemstede