Alessandra Giliani

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Title woodcut of the Leipzig edition of Anathomia arranged by Martin Pollich . Posthumous representation of Mondino from 1493. The assisting person is either Alessandra Giliani or a long-haired male dissector.

Alessandra Giliani or Giuliani , called Alessandra Giuliani di Persiceto, allieva del Mondino (Alessandra Giuliani from Persiceto, pupil of Mondino) (* 1307 in San Giovanni in Persiceto ; † March 26, 1326 ) is said to have been the first woman to be considered an anatomist or Worked as a pathologist .

Live and act

Alessandra Giliani is reported to have been born in 1307 in San Giovanni in Persiceto in the Italian province of Emilia-Romagna . She presumably died of a septic wound in 1326 at the age of 19. Dubbed the first female anatomist in the Western world, she is said to have done a brilliant job as a prosector in preparing corpses for anatomical autopsy . She worked as a surgical assistant to Mondino dei Luzzi († 1326), a world-famous professor at the Medical School of the University of Bologna , who wrote an anatomical textbook in 1316.

Alessandra Giliani have their own anatomical studies carried out in which they have developed a method to the blood from the body to remove and replace it with a hardening colored liquid, what you in understanding the heart - lung - blood circulation helped.

Fact or fiction

There is no reliable evidence of Giliani's scientific work. It could even be a fictional person. Giliani's story, which was noted by Michele Medici in the 19th century but not believed, goes back to a work by Alessandro Macchiavelli (1693–1766), who was already considered a writer by his contemporaries in Bologna, who was penalized by the Bolognese local patriotism .

According to post-medieval tradition, a funerary inscription in a church called Santi Marcellino e Pietro of the order of the Fratrum S. Mariae de Ulmareto describes her person and her work. The tablet was donated by Otto Agenius Lustrulanus, another assistant to Mondino, who is passed off as her fiancé. In the 17th century this church in Bologna was the seat of the Confraternità di San Giorgio. Evidence of her family in Persiceto has not yet been found, according to the science historian Sabrina Veneziani in 2009 .

Modern reception and honors

  • A crater has been named after her on Venus since 1994.

literature

  • Alessandra Giliani's story was mentioned in 1857 by the historian Michele Medici in his description of the history of the school of anatomy in Bologna, but he considered it unreliable.
  • Sabrina Veneziani: Una fanciulla al tavolo di Mondino? , in: Rivista per le Medical Humanities , No. 10, April – June 2009, pp. 29–34.
  • Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie : Women in science: antiquity through the nineteenth century: a biographical dictionary with annotated bibliography . 3. Edition. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1991, ISBN 0-262-65038-X , p. 92 [not critical]

Individual evidence

  1. ^ According to Franco Bacchelli's article Liuzzi, Mondino de ' in Dizionario biografico degli italiani , volume 65 (2005), it is a picture on the title page of the Leipzig edition of Anothomia from 1493 - reproduced in V. Octane and G. Giuliani Piccari: L'opera di Anna Morandi Manzolini nella coroplastica bolognese. In: Alma Mater Studiorum. La presenza femminile dal XVIII al XX secolo. Bologna 1988, p. 84. ( The work of Anna Morandi Manzolini in the art of pottery in Bologna. In: Alma Mater Studiorum. The presence of women from the 18th to the 20th century. )
  2. ^ A b Elizabeth H. Oakes: Encyclopedia of world scientists , Rev. ed .. Edition, Facts on File, New York 2007, ISBN 1438118821 .
  3. ↑ G. Fav., Gi. Ch., G. Cag., Al. Ch .: Lemma Anatomiaa umana . in: Enciclopedia Italiana , Volume 3, 1929. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  4. ↑ Barbara Quick: Alessandra in History . In: A Golden Web . Archived from the original on June 25, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 25, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / barbaraquick.com
  5. ^ "[...] reinvented from scratch - inventata di sana pianta " after Franco Bacchelli in LIUZZI, Mondino de (Mundinus, Raymundinus; de Leuciis, de Liuciis, de Luciis) , " Dizionario biografico degli italiani ", volume LXV, Rome 2005, pp. 309-314.
  6. ↑ Pier Luigi Lollini and Laura Pelagatti: Mondino de 'Liuzzi , in Le Scienze , XVI (1983), No. 182, p.121..
  7. ↑ Alessandro Macchiavelli , Writings at WorldCat
  8. ^ Antonio di Paolo Masini: Bologna perlustrata… terza impressione notabilmente accresciuta Bologna 1666, pp. 286 f., 334, 548
  9. ^ Sabrina Veneziani: Una fanciulla al tavolo di Mondino? In: Rivista per le Medical Humanities , no. 10, April-June 2009, pp. 29-34 (Italian).
  10. ↑ Michele T. Mazzucato: Italiani nel Sistema Solare . Santarcangelo di Romagna 2008, p. 42 f., 94 excerpt from Google Books .
  11. ↑ List of women in the Heritage Floor on Wikipedia.
  12. ↑ Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Alessandra Giliani.
  13. ↑ Michele Medici: Compendio storico della scuola anatomica di Bologna dal rinascimento delle scienze e delle lettere a tutto il secolo XVIII: con un paragone fra la sua antichità e quella delle scuole di Salerno e di Padova. Tiografia Governativa Della Volpe e Del Sassi, Bologna, 1857, pp. 29-30
personal data
SURNAME Giliani, Alessandra
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giuliani, Alessandra; Giuliani, Alessandra di Persiceto allieva del Mondino
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first woman to work as an anatomist or pathologist
DATE OF BIRTH 1307
PLACE OF BIRTH San Giovanni in Persiceto
DATE OF DEATH March 26, 1326