San Giovanni in Persiceto

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San Giovanni in Persiceto
coat of arms
San Giovanni in Persiceto (Italy)
San Giovanni in Persiceto
Country Italy
region Emilia-Romagna
Metropolitan city Bologna  (BO)
Local name San Zvân (in Persizàddel)
Coordinates 44 ° 38 '  N , 11 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 38 '0 "  N , 11 ° 11' 0"  E
height 21  m slm
surface 114 km²
Residents 28,254 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 248 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 40017
prefix 051
ISTAT number 037053
Popular name Persicetani
Patron saint John the Baptist
Website San Giovanni in Persiceto

San Giovanni in Persiceto is an Italian municipality with 28,254 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the metropolitan city of Bologna .

Collegiate Church of St. John the Baptist ( Chiesa Collegiata di San Giovanni Battista )

administration

  • Mayor: Renato Mazzuca, since June / 2009.
  • Town hall: call center 051 68.12.701
  • Climatic classification : E zone, 2187 GR / G

history

The area of ​​the municipality of San Giovanni in Persiceto was already inhabited in prehistory , at least in its southern part . Remains of the civilization of the Bronze Age and the First Iron Age were found and based on the nomenclature, the settlement of Celtic communities is believed to be proven. The occupation of the area by the Romans is attested by the traces of the centuriation (2nd century BC). However, there is no trace of a village. One can assume that a vicus arose here, but not an oppidum .

There are no sources about the place Persiceto in late antiquity. Perhaps these areas and the populations were affected by the migrations, but determined by floods, the consequences of which can still be felt in the eastern part of the city. Water barriers were built under the rule of the Exarchate of Ravenna . In Byzantine times the area was crossed by a protective wall against the Lombards , who nevertheless stormed it with Liutprand around 727 and, among other things, occupied the castrum Persicetum . Until then, the name of the city was not documented. The typical round village shape of the historic town center probably originates from the Lombard era .

774-1700

After the fall of the Lombard Kingdom (774), the early medieval district of Persiceto (then San Giovanni in Persiceto) belonged to the county of Modena , which extended to Samoggia . The Abbey of Nonantola ruled the Persiceto area . However, it can be assumed that it was given to the county of Bologna as early as the 9th century ; in fact, it is possible that by the middle of this century the parish of San Giovanni was established with the help of the bishops of Bologna. The first concessions for undeveloped and boggy fields by the abbots of Nonantola (western part) and the bishops of Bologna (eastern part) as a long-term lease to the inhabitants of Persicetos come from this era. These fields will form the future Partecipanza agraria ( Silent Agricultural Society ).

After a short period of independence (between the 11th and 12th centuries), the municipality of San Giovanni in Persiceto was given over to the political rule of Bologna, whose fate it followed. They later came under the rule of Pepolis , the Visconti , the Bentivoglio , and was in the areas of early 16th century Papal States incorporated. The 'castle' or 'land' of S. Giovanni in Persiceto was enlarged from the 13th to the 14th centuries with the construction of a second circle of walls and other external villages, and these, like the castle, are said to be through pits, gates and stakes were surrounded. However, as early as the second decade of the 15th century, the Grand Council of Bologna decreed to destroy the external villages and the corresponding stakes because of the uprising of the Persicetani, to fill the pits and to destroy all buildings that could serve as a castle. The villages were not completely destroyed until 1481, but under the reign of Giovanni II Bentivoglio in the following years the castle was again equipped with new fortresses and earth dams, so that it took the shape that remained unchanged for four centuries. The Bentivoglios owe the construction of a large palace at the end of the 15th century based on a design by Gaspare Nadi, which was acquired by the community in 1612 and which, modified several times, still serves as the town hall today. In the last years of the Bentivoglios' rule, the excavation of the Cavamentos began, a sewer for the secluded properties at San Agata, Crevalcore and San Giovanni in Persiceto. Large areas in northern Persiceto became habitable and buildable, so that in the last thirty years of the 16th century a new church was built and the new parish of San Matteo della Decima was established. Out of gratitude, the Persicetani gave Giovanni II Bentivoglio a large piece of land on which the castle of “La Giovannina” was later built.

Between the 15th and 16th centuries, the cultivation and processing of hemp expanded in Persiceto, new crops were introduced (mulberry tree, rice, maize), the density of property was increased and the tenancy was consolidated. In the 16th century, the Persiceto area was crossed by many foreign armies, with the consequences of an impoverishment of the population. This led to the downfall of the historic town center , while the weekly market on Wednesday was preserved thanks to old privileges.

1700-1900

In the following two centuries a remarkable development began, especially inside the castle: step by step the numerous broletti (small vegetable gardens) between the houses disappeared to make way for new buildings. At the same time, old medieval buildings were destroyed, others were irreparably rebuilt. Monasteries and churches were built (including the Collegiata after the old parish was dismantled ); on the basis of the old fortress, the San Salvatore hospital was built (now the seat of the GC Croce municipal library and historical archive); the citizen theater was built. The clumsy administration of the papal legates, on the other hand, had a negative impact on the development of agriculture, while in other areas of the Po Valley renewal processes were triggered, which caused an agronomic upheaval in the second half of the 18th century: the inhabitants of Persiceto worked the hemp for centuries that they also grew. In the 18th century, the local canvas manufacturers and those from other towns (e.g. Cento and Crevalcore) came to the weekly market, so that the corresponding trade in the tenders Sopra il regolamento della piazza (About the regulations of the square) and in the Mercato della Terra di San Giovanni in Persiceto (Market of the Lands of San Giovanni in Persiceto). The canvases that exceeded local demand were mainly exported to Venice.

During the Napoleonic era, the parishes of San Giovanni and Sant'Agata were linked to form four cantons (1796). The new municipality of San Giovanni in Persiceto was for a short time part of the department of Upper Padusa , the capital of which was Cento (1797), then it became the capital of the new municipality of Samoggia. Between 1798 and 1799 community life was affected by rioting, looting, confiscation and other disturbances. In the second half of 1799, after the withdrawal of the French and the supporters of the Repubblica Cisalpina, the area of ​​Persiceto was occupied by the Austrians and the Russians, who reinstated the ancien regime . However, in July 1800 the community of Samoggia was restored again. After the formation of the Republic of Italy (1802), San Giovanni in Persiceto came back under the administration of Cento, where a vice-administrative office was established. At the beginning of the 19th century, after the formation of the Kingdom of Italy (March 1805), the Persiceto area became silent. After the fall of Napoleon (1814), the administration of the Papal States was restored in July 1815.

In the years between 1796/1815, despite different administrative structures, the same families mostly retained the public offices due to their adaptability. With the dismantling of feudal privileges and the decime , the confiscation and sale of church fields, land assets were accumulated. Rice was grown more and more. A crisis followed, caused by the inadequate partial leases and the new but poor agricultural laborers. After the restoration under the Papal States, work was carried out to improve the "castle", so that in 1838 the place was given the title of city by Pope Gregory XVI. In 1857 Pius IX visited Persiceto. Here too, however, the ideals of freedom and the goal of national unity were secretly pursued. Before the Emilia-Romagna region was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860, some of the younger citizens of Persiceto took part in the wars of independence. However, when the tax on the ground was reintroduced, San Giovanni in Persicetto was the setting for a peasant uprising (January 7, 1869).

Some small workshops turned into factories with factory workers. The nail smithy developed into a factory for the production of iron beds and furniture, which were exported far beyond the Italian border. San Giovanni Persiceto was nicknamed "Little Manchester of Emilia-Romagna" .

In the last decades of the 19th century the compulsory school was expanded, the traditionally classical training was replaced by a technical curriculum. The Società di mutuo soccorso (accident insurance company) was created between craft businesses and factory workers. The first carnival parades were held in the Carnival of 1874. In 1876 the Società Ginnastica Persicetana (gymnastics society from Persiceto) was founded. In 1877 the Cassa di Risparmio (savings bank) was opened. Ten years later, the railway line between Bologna and San Giovanni - as part of the Bologna / Verona line - was inaugurated.

Daughters and sons of the church

Web links

Commons : San Giovanni in Persiceto  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Lodovico Antonio Muratori: History of Italy, according to the years, from the beginning of the Christian era up to the year 1500 , Verlag J. Schuster, 1746, page 291
  3. ↑ Emil Werunsky: History of Emperor Charles IV and his time , published by B. Franklin, 1961, page 468
  4. ↑ Maksim Maksimovich Kovalevskiĭ: The economic development of Europe up to the beginning of the capitalist economic system , Verlag RL Prager, 1913, page 305ff
  5. ↑ Jan Assmann, Fritz Graf, Ludwig Koenen (eds.): Archive for the history of religion 2010 (=  Archive for the history of religion ). Walter De Gruyter, 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-022273-9 , p. 122 ( limited preview in Google Book search).