Alessandro Pirzio Biroli

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General Alessandro Pirzio-Biroli (1930s)

Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (born July 23, 1877 in Campobasso , † May 20, 1962 in Rome ) was an Italian general ( Generale d'Armata ) and an Olympic participant in fencing.

Life

Coming from a family with a military tradition, Biroli joined the army at an early age. He took part with the Italian fencing team in the 1908 Summer Olympics, where he won a silver medal in the team competition in saber fencing .

When Italy entered the First World War (1915), he held the rank of captain . In the course of the war he was promoted several times: Among other things, he was chief of staff of a division from 1917 and in 1918 he was commander of the 8th Bersaglieri regiment. Between 1921 and 1927 he commanded a military mission in Ecuador . Then he was General Inspector of the Rapid Troops until 1932.

From 1935 to 1936 Biroli took part in the Abyssinian War as commanding general of the Eritrean Corps and was then governor of the Amhara province in Italian East Africa until December 1937 .

Biroli was appointed commander in chief of the Italian 9th Army in 1941 and was governor of the Independent State of Montenegro from 1941 to 1943 . Mussolini entrusted him with the civil and military administration in Montenegro on July 25, 1941 and appointed him governor of Montenegro in October 1941.

He had the uprising in Montenegro of 1941 suppressed by force. In 1942 he ordered the shooting of 50 hostages for every Italian soldier killed and 10 hostages for every wounded Italian soldier. He is credited with saying the following to his soldiers: “I have heard that you are good family fathers at home. It's good at home, but not here. Here you can steal, murder and rape as you want! "

Biroli was personally held responsible for the executions and tyranny against the people of Montenegro.

He was relatively high on the list of war criminals of the UN War Crimes Commission , but was never charged or convicted.

Web links

Commons : Alessandro Pirzio Biroli  - Collection of Images

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Biography of General Alessandro Pirzio Biroli. In: generals.dk. Retrieved May 1, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Alessandro Pirzio Biroli in the database of Sports-Reference (English; archived from the original )
  3. ^ Saber Team Man. Retrieved October 12, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Davide Rodogno: Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War . Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-84515-7 , pp. 103 ( google.com ): "On 25 July 1941, General Alessandro Pirzio Biroli - formerly governor of Asmara - was invested by Mussolini with full military and civil powers in Montenegro ..."
  5. ↑ Radoje Pajović, Dušan Željeznov: Pavle Đurišić, Lovro Hacin, Juraj Špiler. Centar za informacije i publicitet, Zagreb 1987, ISBN 86-7125-006-7 , p. 109.
  6. ↑ Italian war crimes and genocide go unpunished. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014 ; Retrieved April 13, 2014 .
personal data
SURNAME Pirzio Biroli, Alessandro
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian general and Olympian
DATE OF BIRTH July 23, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Campobasso , Italy
DATE OF DEATH May 20, 1962
Place of death Rome , Italy