Alexander Borissowitsch Tschakowski

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Aleksandr Chakovsky ( Russian Александр Борисович Чаковский * August 13 . Jul / 26. August  1913 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 17th February 1994 in Moscow ) was a Soviet writer.

Life

Tschakowski, son of a doctor, initially worked as an electrician in Moscow. In 1937 he published his first literary critical articles, then studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute until 1938 and was then an assistant at the MIFLI ( Московский институт философии, литературы и истории ). His first book publications, literary portraits of the writers Henri Barbusse and Martin Andersen Nexø , appeared in 1940.

In the Great Patriotic War , Tschakowski took part as a war correspondent on the Volkhov Front and then on the 3rd Baltic Front .

His war experiences shaped his literary work. In 1944 he presented the first part of his documentary novel It was in Leningrad about the blockade of Leningrad . This was followed by works such as the light from a distant star (1962; filmed by Iwan Pyrjew in 1965), which was treated as a “ thaw ” novel . With the extensive novel The Blockade (1968/75; filmed in 1973/78 under the direction of Mikhail Yershov ) he turned again to the Leningrad Blockade, and in the trilogy The Victory (1979; filmed in 1985 by Yevgeny Matveev ) he dealt with the final phase the Second world War and the Potsdam conference . These voluminous late works show Tschakowski's return to an exaggerated, uncritical portrayal of Stalin , which was also viewed critically in the socialist countries, while in the West he was consistently perceived as an ideological hardliner.

From 1959 to 1963 Tschakowski was editor-in-chief of the magazine Inostrannaja Literatura , from 1963 to 1988 editor-in-chief of Literaturnaja Gazeta . From 1962 to 1991 he was also one of the secretaries of the Writers' Union of the USSR .

Tschakowski has received many awards, for example in 1950 with the Stalin Prize for It's Already Tomorrow , in 1978 with the Lenin Prize for The Blockade and in 1983 with the State Prize of the USSR for The Victory , and four times with the Order of Lenin , the Order of the October Revolution , the Order of the Red Banners of Labor , the Order of the Red Star and 1973 with the title Hero of Socialist Labor . From 1966 to 1989 he was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and from 1971 to 1986 a candidate of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

His grave is in the Kunzewoer cemetery .

Works

Novels:

  • Это было в Ленинграде . Leningrad 1944, 1945, 1947 (3 volumes: Военный корреспондент , Лида , Мирные дни )
    • German edition: It was in Leningrad (= volume 1/2). SWA-Verlag, Berlin 1947 (translated by Ina Tinzmann); Peaceful days (= volume 3). Publishing House Culture and Progress, Berlin 1950 (translated by Alfred E. Thoss)
  • У нас уже утро . Magadan 1949
    • German edition: It's already tomorrow for us . Publishing House Culture and Progress, Berlin 1950 (translated by Veronica Ensslen)
  • Хван Чер стоит на посту . Moscow 1952
    • German edition: Huan Tscher keeps watch . Publishing House Culture and Progress, Berlin 1953 (translated by Marga Bork)
  • Год жизни . Moscow 1956
    • German edition: rivals . Publishing House Culture and Progress, Berlin 1958 (translated by Willi Berger)
  • Дороги, которые мы выбираем . Moscow 1960
    • German edition: The streets we choose . Publishing House Culture and Progress, Berlin 1962 (translated by Willi Berger)
  • Свет далекой звезды . Moscow 1962
    • German edition: Light of a distant star . Publishing House Culture and Progress, Berlin 1963 (translated by Traute and Günther Stein)
  • Блокада . Moscow 1968, 1971, 1975 (5 volumes)
    • German edition: The blockade . Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1974, 1975, 1977 (3 volumes; translated by Marlene Milack and Harry Burck)
  • Победа . Moscow 1978, 1981 (3 volumes)
    • German edition: The victory . Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1981, 1982, 1984 (3 volumes; translated by Harry Burck)
  • Неоконченный портрет . Moscow 1984
    • German edition: Unfinished portrait . Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1985, 1986 (2 volumes; translated by Harry Burck)
  • Нюрнбергские призраки . 1989

Dramas:

  • Свет далекой звезды . Moscow 1963 (with Pawel Pawlowski )
  • Время тревог . Moscow 1965 (with Pawel Pawlowski)
  • Невеста . Moscow 1966 (with Pawel Pawlowski)

Non-fiction books:

  • Анри Барбюс : Литературный портрет . 1940
  • Мартин Андерсен Нексё . 1940
  • Кого фашисты сжигают (Страницы из жизни Генриха Гейне ) . 1941
  • Тридцать дней в Париже . Moscow 1955
  • Блаженны ли нищие духом? Moscow 1970
    • German edition: Eighty thousand kilometers in a circle. About hippies and freedom, appearance and reality . New Life Publishing House, Berlin 1971 (translated by Hans Bentzien )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cf. Siegfried Lokatis: A secret Stalin discourse in the GDR. The censorship of Soviet war novels at the publisher “Volk und Welt” ( Memento from October 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) . P. 23 ff.
  2. ↑ See Richard D. Lyons: Aleksandr Chakovsky Dies at 80; Enforcer of Soviet Line on Writers . New York Times, February 19, 1994.
  3. ↑ http://www.pseudology.org/Kojevnikov/SP_CCCP.htm
  4. ↑ Alexander Tschakowski - biography. Retrieved April 23, 2018 (Russian).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Tschakowski, Alexander Borissowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Чаковский, Александр Борисович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet writer
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH February 17, 1994
Place of death Moscow