Alexandre Le Riche de La Pouplinière

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Alexandre Jean Joseph Le Riche de La Pouplinière (born July 26, 1693 in Chinon , † December 5, 1762 in Passy ) was a French tax farmer ( Fermier Général 1716-1718 and 1721-1762), patron of the arts and promoter of the French Enlightenment .

Alexandre Le Riche de La Pouplinière by Jean-Joseph Balechou , copper engraving after a drawing by Louis Vigée (1715–1767)

Live and act

He was the son of Alexandre Le Riche de Courgains, seigneur de Courgains, en Anjou, et de Brétignolles, en Touraine (1663-1735), a receveur général des finances , and Anne Lebreton (approx. 1666-1694). Both had been married to each other since 1690. The couple had two children, in addition to Alexandre Jean Joseph Le Riche de La Pouplinière, there was also a daughter, Marie-Thérèse Le Riche. After the death of his first wife in 1694, the father remarried, his second wife was Madeleine-Thérèse Chevalier de la Chicaudière.

De La Pouplinière, Marquis de Breuilpont, was one of the richest men of his time in France. He acquired his wealth as Fermier Général of King Louis XV. , a function that has held since 1718. He was previously in the military. For five years he served in the infantry as a musketeer , mousquetaire du Roy . Later, through his wealth as a tax farmer, he was one of the greatest patrons of 18th century music . He was also to a certain extent a patron of the Enlightenment and, in addition, gathered a circle of artists, writers and musicians around him. De La Pouplinière had its own orchestra, "the best that has been known these days," said Jean-François Marmontel.

But other métiers of his time such as intellectuals, writers, painters and musicians were also promoted. These included such important names as Voltaire , Maurice Quentin de La Tour , Charles André van Loo , Jean-Philippe Rameau , Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz , Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Jacques de Vaucanson or François-Joseph Gossec .

Jean-Philippe Rameau met him around 1727. He let Rameau and his family live in his quarters in the Rue de Richelieu . Rameau led his patron's private orchestra for over twelve years, where he was able to gain valuable instrumental experience and experiment with the ensemble . But Rameau's wife Marie-Louise Rameau (c. 1707–1785) also found favor with de La Pouplinière.

As Rameau's successor, de Pouplinière was able to engage the Mannheim violinist and composer Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz as director of his orchestra . Johann Stamitz went on several concert tours, mainly to Paris , but only stayed there until autumn. During this time in particular, he consolidated his reputation as a recognized composer and virtuoso .

A memorial plaque placed on the place n ° 2 de la rue des Marronniers in Paris, where the Passy castle stood.

In 1737 de Pouplinière married his first wife Thérèse Boutinon des Hayes (1714-1752), the divorce then took place in November 1748 because she is said to have cheated on him with Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis . François-André Danican Philidor was a regular guest at the salon run by M me Thérèse des Hayes de La Pouplinière - one of the most popular salons in Paris - . Pouplinière's first wife showed a fairly solid knowledge of music theory. She had z. B. received composition lessons from Jean-Philippe Rameau .

His second marriage was in 1760 with the actress Madeleine-Thérèse de Mondran de Breuilpont, dame de Breuilpont (1737-1824). The couple had a son, Alexandre Louis Gabriel le Riche de Breuilpont (1763-1836).

Rousseau was able to perform his completed opera Les Muses galantes in 1745 with the help and support of de La Pouplinière .

In 1747 the couple bought the castle of Passy , château de Passy - today it would be in the 16th arrondissement of Paris - it was located on a hill.

In 1755 he had a theater built at the end of the driveway to his castle, today's Théâtre Le Ranelagh .

Works

  • Journal de voyage en Hollande. 1731
  • Comédies dont Daïra. 1760
  • Tableaux des mœurs du temps dans les différents âges de la vie. around 1750

literature

Web links

Commons : Alexandre Le Riche de La Pouplinière  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Biographical data
  2. BORA Archives privées
  3. Annales Du Barreau Francais V2, Barreau Ancien: Ou Choix Des Plaidoyers Et Memoires Les Plus Remarquables. Vol. 2, B. Warée, París 1829, p. 433.
  4. Joseph Fr. Michaud; Louis Gabriel Michaud: biography universal, ancient et modern. Volume 35 Michaud Frères, 1823 pp. 402-403
  5. John Spitzer; Neal Zaslaw: The Birth of the Orchestra: History of an Institution, 1650-1815. Oxford University Press, 2004 ISBN 0-19-816434-3 , p. 201
  6. ^ "Jamais bourgeois n'a mieux vécu en prince, et les princes venaient jouir de ses plaisirs." Marmontel, Mémoires
  7. Biography from the Sophie Drinker Institute ( Memento of the original dated November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sophie-drinker-institut.de
  8. Wolfgang Anetsberger: Forget Mozart! Successful composers of Mozart's time. Piper Munich Zurich ISBN 978-3-492-25109-9 , p. 110
  9. NOTA BENE. De la musique avec Rousseau. Si on chantait. , online ( Memento from May 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ^ History of the Théâtre Le Ranelagh theater