Old weights and measures (Tuscany)

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The measurement system of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was standardized on July 11, 1782 by a law of the Habsburg Grand Duke Peter Leopold , later Emperor Leopold II. This eliminated several regional measures. After the unification of Italy , the metric system was introduced in 1861 .

Length measurements

The basic unit of measure of length was the Braccio da Panno or Braccio fiorentino (Mz. Braccia , 'Arm, Elle'). A copper gauge exactly two Braccio da Panno (= one passetto , step) in a marble setting, which was kept in the archives of the finance department, served as a reference ( measuring standard ). After comparing it with copies of the French measure of length Toise , which the French metrologist Condamine had deposited in Florence and Rome, the Braccio da Panno - converted into the metric system newly developed at the time - was set at 0.583626 m.

Overview
1 ⁄ 5 Canne (agrimensorie) = 1 ⁄ 2 Passetti = 1 Braccio da Panno = 1 3 ⁄ 5 Palmi = 12 Crazie = 20 Soldi = 60 Quattrini = 120 Piccoli = 240 Denari = 2880 Punti

Older values ​​for the Braccio were probably around 0.4 to 0.5 meters, because traditionally in the Italian area 1 Canna á approx. 2-2 ½ m = 8 Palmi á approx. 25–30 cm. The Passetto measured 1 m, the Crazia ~ 5 cm, the Soldo ~ 3 cm, the Quattrino ~ 1 cm, the Piccolo 5 mm.

Before the Leopoldine Reform, there was the Braccio da Terra , which was used to measure the field and related to the Braccio da Panno as 17:18. From it the Miglio toscano (Tuscan mile) is derived , which contained 3000 Braccio da Terra, and was then fixed with 2833 1 ⁄ 3 Braccia da Panno. Subsequently, a Miglio riformato with 3000 Braccio da Panno was determined.

Leopoldine norm system:
1 Miglio ≈ 1653.607 m = 2833.333 Braccia da Panno (old = 3000 Braccia da Terra) ≈ mile
1 canna ≈ 2.918 m = 2.5 Passetti = 5 Braccia (old = 8 Palmi) ≈ Perche
0.4 Canne = 1 passetto ≈ 1.167 m = 2 braccia ≈ step
0.2 Canne = 0.5 Passetti = 1 Braccio ≈ 0.587 m = 20 Soldi = 240 Denari (old = 12 Crazie) ≈ cubit
Braccia = 0.05 1 soldo ≈ 2.918 cm = 12 denari = 144 punti (old = 4 quattrini = 6 piccoli) ≈ inch or engl. Nail
0.0833 Soldi = 1 denaro ≈ 2.432 mm = 12 punti = Line
Denari = 0.0833 1 punto ≈ 0.203 mm ≈ (typographical) point


Measure of capacity

Depending on the intended use, different capacities were used. For liquids, the Barile da Vino or the Barile da Olivo , for dry things, the Stajo was the basic unit.


Overview:

1 Barile da Vino = 20 Fiasco = 80 Mezzetta = 160 Quartuccio

1 Barile da Vino = 45.584 l
1 Fiasco ≈ 2.279 l
1 mezzetta ≈ 569.8 ml
1 quartuccio ≈ 284.9 ml


1 Barile da Olivo = 16 Fiasco = 64 Mezzetta

1 Barile da Olivo = 33.429 l
1 Fiasco ≈ 2.089 l
1 mezzetta ≈ 522.3 ml


1 stajo = 2 mina = 4 quarto = 32 mezzetta = 64 quartuccio

1 stajo = 24.363 L.
1 mina ≈ 12.182 l
1 quarto ≈ 6.091 l
1 mezzetta ≈ 761.3 ml
1 quartuccio ≈ 380.7 ml

Weight measurements

The Libbra , also Libbra uniforme Toscana, was a Tuscan unit of weight. She weighed 339.542 grams. Two of his calibration pieces were kept in the archives of the finance department and in the mint .


Overview:

1 Libbra = 12 Oncia = 288 Denaro = 6912 Grano

1 libbra = 339.542 g
1 oncia ≈ 28.295 g
1 denaro ≈ 1.179 g
1 grano ≈ 49.12 mg

literature

  • PW Brix, et al. (Ed.): General Encyclopedia of Physics, Volume 1, Introduction to Physics. Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1869, p. 480.
  • Georg Kaspar Chelius: Measure and weight book. Frankfurt am Main 1840, p. 330.
  • Freiherr F. von Zach (Ed.): Monthly correspondence for the promotion of geography and celestial science. Volume 21, Beckerische Buchhandlung, Gotha 1810, pp. 226–229 ( eReader , uni-jena.de).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Lit. Zach 1810; Corrections can be found in Lit. Chelius 1840, pp. 147, 330 (information from Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler's physical dictionary. Volume 9, 1836, p. 1385, footnote 2; digitized version, Google, full view ).
  2. ^ Raccolta ufficiale delle leggi e dei decreti del Regno d'Italia , Dalla Stamperia reale, 1861.
  3. ^ Giovanni Inghirami: Di una base trigonometrica misurata in Toscana nell 'autunno del 1817, memoria. 1818. Addizioni , pp. 130 ff. ( Digitized version, Google, complete view ).
  4. ↑ Georg Kaspar Chelius: Measure and weight book. Frankfurt am Main 1840, page 330.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Lit. Brix et al., 1869.
  6. ↑ a b c Tavole di Ragguaglio. Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Firenze (brunelleschi.imss.fi.it, accessed December 17, 2017).
  7. ↑ Braccio. sizes.com (accessed December 17, 2017).